TTX – 3/4
General Tower Theory Chapter 3 + 4
General Tower Theory Chapter 3 + 4
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 30 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Traffic |
| Level | Other |
| Created / Updated | 24.01.2016 / 16.01.2023 |
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What is coordination?
The act of negotiation between two or more parties, each vested with the authority to make executive decisions appropriate to the task being discharged.
When is coordination effected?
When the parties concerned, on the basis of known intelligence, agree to a course of action.
By what methods can coordination be effected?
- direct negotiation and agreement for individual flights
- standing agreements made in accordance with local procedures (= letters of agreements)
- use of permanent procedures agreed between national aviation authorities
- electronically
When can APP authorise TWR to clear and release aircraft for take-off at own discretion?
letter of agreement!
- standard clearance (by CLD, variations need coordination), AND
- tower keeps APP informed of departure sequence and runway in use, AND
- assigned SID must be displayed to ADC, APP and ACC sector
What are three important points about penetration of airspace?
- unless prior coordination, aircraft must NOT be permitted to cross airspace of other unit
- responsible for initiating coordination is controller of transferring unit
- transferring unit controller must comply with conditions of accepting controller
What happens if departure aerodrome is close to a boundary?
Not enough time to transmit FPL data
- prior coordination needed!
- boundary estimate based on estimate time of departure
How does transfer of control normally take place?
- at an agreed reporting point
- on an estimate for a boundary
- at or passing an agreed level
- acft is in climb/descent to a previously agreed level
(transferring controller has ensured that standard separation exists)
When is transfer of control achieved?
When flight has reached the position or level agreed between the units.
What is silent transfer of control, what are the conditions?
= without systematic use of bi-directional speech facilities, if:
- detailed conditions are specified in local procedures
- successive aircraft are separated when transferred and separation is maintained or increased
- bi-directional speech facilities are available at all times
Why do we have transfer of communication that differs from transfer of control?
So that instructions which become effective later can already be issued now.
What needs to be considered about earlier transfer of communication?
Don't alter existing clearances without approval.
When is transfer of communication done at the latest?
Immediately after accepting ATCO has agreed to assume control.
How does transfer of control regarding inbound traffic between SWISS RADAR and OMEGA APPROACH work?
- normally silent handover
conditions: descending to FL130, own navigation within 5 NM of correct route
- 20 NM separation for subsequent arrivals (same performance, no catch up)
- OMEGA APPROACH must inform SWISS RADAR immediately if holding at FRI/HOC at or above FL 130
- APP may change heading by maximum 45° either side prior TMA boundary
A – B – C ... A wants to transmit communication direct to C, what has to be done? Who's responsible?
coordination needed!
responsible for doing coordination to C is B!
What has to be considered before accepting the transfer of control of a coordinated aircraft?
only accept if:
- satisfied with transfer conditions
- traffic permits
- workload permits
sufficient time of analysis needed
explicitly state that you accept the transfer
What are the two main things that are coordinated bzw. exchanged?
movement data
control data
RADAR environment: What shall ADC coordinate with APP unit?
- information concerning missed approaches
- information about aircraft that constitute essential local traffic to acft under control of APP unit
- acft performing (or requesting to) unusual procedures which will affect management by APP unit
NON-RADAR environment: What shall ADC coordinate with APP unit?
- information concerning missed approaches
- essential local traffic to acft under control of APP unit
- arrival and departure times for IFR flights (OMEGA: departure times for IFR)
- first acft in approach sequence is in communication with and sighted by ADC unit and reasonable assurance that landing can be completed
- information relating to overdue or unreported aircraft
What shall APP unit coordinate with TWR?
- aircraft approaching to land (if neccessary request landing clearance)
- acft cleared to visual holdint points
- acft routing through traffic circuit
- estimated time + proposed level of arriving acft over aerodrome, at least 15 min prio estimated arrival
- statement that acft has been cleared to contact ADC and controll shall be assumed by that unit
- anticipated delay to departures due to congestion
When must coordination for departing traffic be done?
prior to departure, according to local procedures
What is a clearance expiry time?
specified by APP in case of conflicts
Who determines take-off / departure time?
APP unit (if not specified otherwise)
When has transfer of control of departing traffic to be done?
As soon as possible after acft is airborne and no conflict exists with aerodrome traffic under your control.
For what reasons has coordination between ADC and GND to be done?
For the safe and efficient use of airport runways and movement areas.
By what can coordination between ADC and GND be accomplished?
coordination displays
verbal means
flight progress strips
other reading information
When can there be silent transfer procedures between TWR and APP?
Local procedures! if:
- all control and relevant flight plan data are transmitted by other means
- radar or vertical separation exists
- reasonable assurance that separation will be maintained or increased
- bi-directional speech facilities exist to permit verbal communication
What is AMS? What needs to be coordinated with them?
Apron Management Service
- limits of areas of responsibility described in local procedures
- inform AMS of any unusual situation which may affect handling of ground traffic
- coordinate to prevent conflicts (aircraft, vehicles) at the limits of area of responsibility
With whom does a runway change require coordination? Why?
Approach control
to organise approach/departure sequences and advise best time for chance
Area control (advised through APP)
to issue alternate inbound routes and coordinate new departure routes with adjacent sectors
Adjacent aerodromes
potential conflicts of traffic circuits and/or arrival/departure routescan be coordinated
Pilots
so that they receive sufficient warning / time to re-plan and adjust FPL
Who do you have to inform about a runway change?
- approach control
- aircraft under your control
- aerodrome fire service
- contractors working on the aerodrome who will be affected by the change
- other agencies according to loca instructions
What's the sequence of information / things to do when a RWY change happens?
1. Advise OMEGA Approach of impending runway chance
2. Inform Approach of LAST departure from current runway (+last arrival)
3. Inform Approach of FIRST departure from new runway (+first arrival)
4. Advise Approach of new IFR departure sequence
5. Request new IFR departure clearance (SID)
6. Advise airborne traffic of impending runway change
7. Reposition inbound and circuit traffic for new runway
8. Inform all pilots of new landing sequence
9. Advise traffic on ground of new runway
10. Reposition all traffic on ground to new runway
