History of Migration in Australia
A history of Migration in Australia from Federation
A history of Migration in Australia from Federation
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 152 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | History |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 16.06.2014 / 01.02.2017 |
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Which four Acts contributed to the 'White Australia Policy"?
Immigration restriction Act 1901, Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901, Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902, Naturalisation Act 1902
Which Asian group was the focus on in the 19th Century?
the Chinese
What were two noteworthy Anti-Chinese riots in the 19th Century?
Buckland River Massacre 1857, LAMBING FLATS RIOTS 1861
What test was designed to prohibit entry to non-whites and those not of British Character?
Dictation Test
What were two motives for Immigration Restriction?
Racial and Economic
What did the dictation test consist of?
50 word passage in any European language
When was the dictation test removed and how many times was it used?
1958, less than 2000 times
Who was Egon Kisch and what was his significance?
Exiled from Germany of opposing Nazism. Passed test in several languages. Failed when tested in Scottish Gaelic.
Who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia?
Edmund Barton, Alfred Deakin
What other countries introduced 'white' migration policies?
USA, Canada, Britain, South Africa, New Zealand.
Which group had the motto "the bible and spade for the boy; the Bible, broom and needle for the girl"?
Brenton Children's Friend Society - child migration
When was the peak period for Child Migration?
1870 - WWI
What were some reasons for Child migration?
Expand empire, spread religion, economic downturn, unemployment, clear slums of Britain
In which period did child migration pause?
1890 - 1910 (impact of depression)
Who were child migrants?
apparently abandoned, illegitimate, poverty stricken children, primary school age.
Who ran child migration schemes?
Charitable bodies, churches, government
What was one of Australia's main child migrant schools?
Fairbridge Farm
What drove the push for Australia to start enticing British migrants after 1907?
Low birth rates, net emigration, low level migration
How did Australia try to entice British Migrants from 1907 - 1914?
overseas advertising/ propaganda, recruitment delegations, child and youth migration schemes
During WWI what internment camp was prominent in SA?
Torrens Island Internment Camp
Who was interned during WWI?
Enemy Aliens: Germans, Turkish, Austro-Hungarians
Why did the British decide to support assisted migration after WWI?
Inability to provide for ex-servicemen, extension of empire, twin myths: urban degeneration and rural revitalisation
What years did the ex-soldier settlement scheme run during and how many people emigrated under the scheme?
1919 - 1922, 35,000 ppl
Why did children make attractive migrants?
Malleable personalities and identities
What was a prominent child migration scheme in SA?
The Barwell Boys 1922 - 1924, 1444 boys
What was the Empire Settlement Act and what purpose did it serve?
1922, assisted passage, low cost loan provision to Aust state/ federal governments
What was the provision under the Empire Settlement act for individuals?
22 pound passage, children free, teens half price.
Did immigration under the Empire Settlement act in the 1920's achieve its target?
No, 450,000 migrant target not achieved.
Why did many people return home after migrating under the Empire Settlement Act during the 1920's?
No farming experience, onset of depression 1929
Name 4 ways in which the government attempted to control migration from 1901 - 1945
Exclusion, Assistance, Quota System, Points and categories
How could non-british migrate to Australia from 1901 - 1945?
Pay for landing permit or have Aussie guarantor
How could Asians migrate to Australia from 1901 - 1945?
business heirs, family reunions
What did the quota system in the 1920's do?
Limited the number of Eastern European migrants
During the great depression, how was the quota system affected?
It was halved.
Which group was restricted during the 1930's through a specifically assigned quota?
Jews
Why were Jews considered to be undesirable?
Easily identifiable through customs and dress, might provoke anti-semitism, would not assimilate.
what other countries restricted jews?
Switzerland, Canada
What rights did the Naturalisation Act of 1903 confer on migrants?
European citizenship rights after 2 yrs residency
What rights did the Naturalisation Act of 1903 deny and from whom?
Citizenship rights to aboriginal natives of Asia, Africa, Pacific Islanders, enforced until 1956
What acts restricted the rights of "aliens"? (and which was most important?)
ENEMY ALIENS ACT 1920 - 1925 War Precautions Act 1914, 15. War precautions Aliens Registration Regulations 1916.
