Anorganische Chemie III
Anorganische Chemie III an der Universität Basel vom Herbstsemester 2014
Anorganische Chemie III an der Universität Basel vom Herbstsemester 2014
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 69 |
|---|---|
| Language | Deutsch |
| Category | Chemistry |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 04.02.2015 / 24.01.2019 |
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Which is the most abundant d-block metal. List a few forms, how it occurs.
Fe
- haematite (alpha-Fe2O3)
- magnetite (blackish, Fe3O4)
What about the bonding in TiO2?
Ti4+ , which is a very high charge and therefore unlikely to occur as an ion --> bonding has more covalent than ionic character.
Which of the Actinoids are naturally occurring in large amounts?
Th (Thorium) and U (Uran)
How do langthanoids naturally occur?
- Bastnäsite (M,M', M'' ....) CO3F so M is 3+, The main lanthanoid metals are Cerium (about 50%) and Lanthanum (20-30%)
- Monazite (M, M' ....)PO4. Main Components, Ce, La, Neodymium (Nd) and even Yttrium (Y)
Which are the two naturally occurring isotopes of uranium and which one is used in power plants?
238 U (99.3 %) and 235 U(0.7%). 235 U is used in power plants.
Technetium is radioactive. What is it used for?
In radioactive pharmaceuticals. Brain, Kidney, Heart imaging.
formula for half-life time for radioactive decay.
radioactive decay is always first order --> t (1/2)= ln(2)/k
What is the electronic configuration of Cr (group 6), Cu (group 11) and Zn (group 12)?
Cr: 3d5 4s1
Cu: 3d10 4s1
Zn: 3d10 4s2
Which of the following Oxides is the best oxidizing agent?
CrO3, MoO3, WO3
CrO3 is the best, since it is easily reduced. Going down in a group high ox. states are more stabilized, which is why MoO3 and WO3 are poorer oxidizing agents.
What is the shape of ReH9?
tricapped trigonal prism
Which polymorphs of TiO2 naturally occur and which is the most important?
- rutile (structure prototype)
- anatase --> most important
- brookite
Name the two manufacturing processes of TiO2 and the form of which they produce.
Sulfte process: anatase (or rutile if rutile seed is introduced)
Chloride process: rutile
Uses of anatase
Wide band gap semiconductor (band gap 3.3 eV) and a Photocatalyst
What is the special property of V2O5?
it is amphoteric. Has a sheet structure with square planar subgroups
ph 0 --> VO2+ (Octahedral with 4 equatorial water ligands and 2 axial oxygen ligands)
ph 14 --> VO43- (td)
uses of V2O5
- Catalyst in sulfuric acid-manufacturing
- oxidizing agent
Name two oxidizing agents of the 1st group of metals.
VV in VO2+ and CrVI in Cr2O72- (green) or CrO3
state the ph-dependent Nernst equation for the following reaction
\(Mn^{2+} + 4 H_2O=MnO_4^-+8H^++5e^-\)
\(E = E° + {0.059 V \over 5} *lg{MnO_4^- \over Mn^{2+}}- {0.059 V *8 \over 5}pH\)
What are common sources for Mo VI and W VI?
Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4
structure and use of MnO2?
rutile structure
shock resistant steel and better resistance to wear
Fe2O3 + MnO2 using a reducting agent and heat --> Alloys Fe/Mn
properties and structure of RuO4 and OsO4 and FeO42-
volatile solids, very toxic, td
FeO42-, strong ox. agent, td
FeO42- --> Fe3+
summenformel für Rost
Rost = Fe2O3 * H2O = Fe(O)(OH)
structure and appearance of Fe(III) and Fe(II)
Fe(III) as Fe2O3 as alpha-haematite
FeO, NaCl structure (some Fe3+ in lattice balance charge for holes)
What is the structure of RuO4- and of K2RuO4.H2O
RuO4- td
K2RuO4.H2O is actually K2[RuO3(OH)2] which is trig. bipyramidal
Whats the difference between MnO4- and RuO4- ?
Mn (d°) and Ru (d1 --> JT distortion)
What is the formula of alums?
M+M3+(SO4)2.12 H2O
Which one reduces more easily [Fe(OH2)6]3+ or [Ru(OH2)6]3+
Fe(III) reduces easier and is the stronger acid, since Fe is a smaller ion --> higher Bronsted acidity
use of CoO
contained in blue glass
structure and use of CuO?
cooperite strucutre (1:1), black pigment
This structure is preferred since Cu2+ is d9 and prefers square planar coordination
gold: square planar Cu2+
red: tetrahedral O2-
Which is the most important commercial compound of zinc. What are its properties?
ZnO, white solid, wurtzite structure, wide band-gap semiconductor
structures of ZnS
wurtzite and zinc blende
Which halides do Sc3+ and Y3+ prefer?
They prefer the hard F- rather than the larger/softer Cl-, Br-, I- because they are hard metal ions
use of TiCl4
Lewis acid and catalyst in Ziegler Natta polymerisation of alkenes (synthesis of polypropylene or polyethylene)
What is the structure of ZrX4 and HfX4?
X= Cl, Br or I
Chain structure with octahedral MX6 units where the equatorial halides are bridging.
Why is NbX4 and TaX4 (both from group 5) both diamagnetic even though we expect them to be paramagnetic (since they have a d1 configuration)?
What is their structure like?
There is pairing of metal atoms (Nb-Nb valence bonds) which is why we have alternating Nb-Nb distances.
sheet like structure with octahedral NbX6 units where we have bridging equatorial halides.
What is the structure of CrF2 and CrCl2?
and CrBr2 and CrI2?
CrF2 and CrCl2: rutile structure
and CrBr2 and CrI2: layer structure (with distorted octahedral due to JT-distortion
compare structures of CrBr2 and CrF3
CrBr2: layer, distorted octahedral (JT-effect), \(\mu\)3-x
CrF3: layer, octahedral, \(\mu\)2-x
If Cr2(OAc)4 is diamagnetic, what does this suggest about the bonding?
Cr2+ --> d4 so we have a quadruple bond between two Cr atoms
what is the oxidation state of the metal in each compound?
Fe3O4
FeS2
LixWO3, x << 1
Fe3O4: mixed ox. states of +II and +III
FeS2: Fe2+ with (S2)2-
LixWO3, x << 1, W(VI) with W(V) for every Li+
in welche Richtung in Bezug zu einem externen Magnetfeld zeigen das Magnetfeld des Spin und der Bahnbewegung?
Spin: in gleiche Richtung wie Magnetfeld
Bahn: entgegensgesetz dem äusseren Magnetfeld aufgrund der Lenzschen Regel.
Wie misst man die Magnetische Suszeptibilität?
Mit einer Gouy-Waage, wo eine Probe in ein externes Magnetfeld gebracht wird.
Anziehung --> Verdihctung der Kraftlinien.
