UWW 261

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Flashcards	16
Language	English
Category	Biology
Level	University
Created / Updated	18.09.2014 / 03.04.2023
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types of knowledge

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personal knowledge

group knowledge

scienfitic knowledge

system, target, transformation knowledge

personal knowledge

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genetic

by experience

by learning

group knowledge

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by experience

by learning

transmitted between persons

not written, just told from generation to generation

(modern form = internet)

system, targed and transformation knowledge

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system: how works the system

targed: what is the targed, what do people want

transformation: how to reach this targed

--> all three can be get scientific, but just system k. has to be

goals of scientific research

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idealistiic: curiosity, knowledge, understanding

Practical:

- increase wealth

- maintain health

- personal career

history of knowledge

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550BC - 1950AD

greek, age of physics

1950-

age of biology

life science

ecology, environmental science

drivers of knowledge gain

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miliary

economic wealth

health

curiosity

information storage

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genes and brains

drawings and written text

electronic media

fossils, samples, specimen, artifacts

rationalism

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pure logic

independent of observation

deductive: from general to specific

Platon, Descartes

in mathematics and physics

+ consisten theories, independent of perception

- often not realistic

empiricism

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by experience

observaions, experiments

inductive: from specific to general

Aristotle, Locke, Hume

biology and env. sciences

+ related to natural phenomena, real, objective

- perception bias, needs many replicates

examples of scientific revolutions

Earth flat, Sun circles around Earth ––> Earth spherical, circles around Sun

All species existed for ever or were created at same time ––> continuous evolution of new species

r- and K-selection

r: high rmax, low K

K: low rma, high K

trade off between r and K

Levins about theories/models

trade-off between generality, realism, precision of predictions

often to much weight on precision

more general predictions can be sufficient

criteria for a good model (6)

-consistent with observations

- consistent with theory

- testable

- parsimony (= simplicity: better fewer than more parameters)

- explanatory power, how much variation can be explained, R^2

- heuristic value

What would you prefer, a logarithmic or a 2nd degree polynomial

curve for a survival curve

logarithmic

more parsimonius

explain growth better

What would you prefer, a logarithmic or a 2nd degree polynomial

curve for a biomass–density relationship

polynomial,

it is just y=b2*x^2

contant total yield

explain phenomena better

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UWW 261

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