UWW 261

genetic

by experience

by learning
 

by experience

by learning

transmitted between persons

not written, just told from generation to generation

(modern form = internet)

system: how works the system

targed: what is the targed, what do people want

transformation: how to reach this targed

--> all three can be get scientific, but just system k. has to be

idealistiic: curiosity, knowledge, understanding

Practical:

- increase wealth

- maintain health

- personal career

550BC - 1950AD

greek, age of physics

1950-

age of biology

life science

ecology, environmental science

miliary

economic wealth

health

curiosity

genes and brains

drawings and written text

electronic media

fossils, samples, specimen, artifacts

pure logic

independent of observation

deductive: from general to specific

Platon, Descartes

in mathematics and physics

+ consisten theories, independent of perception

- often not realistic

by experience

observaions, experiments

inductive: from specific to general

Aristotle, Locke, Hume

biology and env. sciences

+ related to natural phenomena, real, objective

- perception bias, needs many replicates

Earth flat, Sun circles around Earth ––> Earth spherical, circles around Sun

All species existed for ever or were created at same time ––> continuous evolution of new species

r: high rmax, low K

K: low rma, high K

trade off between r and K

trade-off between generality, realism, precision of predictions

often to much weight on precision

more general predictions can be sufficient

-consistent with observations

- consistent with theory

- testable

- parsimony (= simplicity: better fewer than more parameters)

- explanatory power, how much variation can be explained, R^2

- heuristic value

logarithmic

more parsimonius

explain growth better

polynomial,

it is just y=b2*x^2

contant total yield

explain phenomena better