TTX – 5/6

type of aircraft and pilots ability

inform watch supervisor (so that information may be passed to appropriate authority)

airport authority

Request a runway condition check.

Inform aircraft requesting this runway of possible unsafe condition and of its nature and request pilot to report intentions.

- inform acft concerned of obstruction and location
- cancel take-off clearance (if roll has not yet started OR
stop take-off (if roll has started)
- instruct to go around (for landing acft)

"SWR 123, hold position, cancel take-off, I say again cancel take-off."
"SWR 123, stop immediately, SWR 123, stop immediately."

Yes.

- inform him about serviceability status
- inform that clearance can not be issued
- if pilot insists, tell him that operation will be at his own risk

"Runway 32 closed." / "Runway 32 unsafe."
"(Description of condition) unable to issue landing/departure/touch and go clearance.
"Departure/landing/touch and go will be at your own risk."

- restricted visibility
- restricted space and manoeuvrability
- location of the sun
- surrounding background

Information regarding the movement area and its associated facilities which is necessary to ensure the safe operation of aircraft.

Whenever possible prior to start-up or taxi and prior to the commencement of final approach.

a) Construction or maintenance work on, or immediately adjacent to the manoeuvring area.
b) Rough or broken surfaces on a runway or a taxiway, whether marked or not.
c) Snow or ice on a runway or taxiway, snow bands or drifts adjacent to a runway/taxiway.
d) Information concerning sweeping and/or sanding of runways and taxiways.
e) Water on a runway.
f) Other temporary hazards, including parked aircraft, ground running of engines, birds on the ground or in the air.
g) Failure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome lighting systems.
h) Information on the location and operational status of any arrester gear installation.
i) Any other pertinent information.

- normally prior to the first and last daylight movement
- following any significant meteorological phenomena
- following any unusual aircraft serviceability, issue or incident
 

As requested by ATC through the airport owner.

damp = change of surface colour due to moisture 
wet = surface soaked but no standing water
water patches = significant patches of standing water visible
flooded = extensive standing water visible

Good – Medium – Poor

wind at 2000 ft
possibility of wind shear

- he may face delay
- permission may be deferred until traffic situation permits

- number + type of aircraft programmed for airport (aerodrome traffic circuit)
- length of runway(s)
- weather conditions (present and forecast)
- availability of approach aids in poor visibility conditions
- location of other aircraft
- taxiing distances, including availability of taxiways
- runway surface and braking conditions

- CB on approach/climb-out
- pilots request
- equipment serviceability
- noise restrictions
- runway maintenance
- sun low in the sky 
- wind shear
- local geography
- seperate runways for arrivals/departures
- aircraft types
- wind
- visibility / RVR
- adjacent aerodromes (conflicting circuits or procedures)
- time of day (traffic direction)
- blocked runway
- to expedite traffic

HEADWIND
- lower GND speed required
- reduced GND roll
- arrivals / departures steeper (to clear obstacles)
- lower power requirement for same IAS

TAILWIND
- higher GND speed required
- increased GND roll
- shallower approach at normal rate
- more susceptible to turbulence, gusts, speed variations
- higher power requirement for same IAS
- less safety margin
 

Include word "tailwind" in wind statement with landing clearance:

"...tailwind 230 degrees 5 knots, ..."

- un-stabilized approaches
- flight control saturation
- pilot induced oscillation
- loss of situational awareness
- fatigue
- localizer overshoot
- overruns
- short/hard landings
- wingtip/pod strikes
- tail strikes
- landing gear fatigue

Crab method:
- de-crabbing -> aircraft drift
- side force on wheels
- correct runway alignment (parallel runways)

Sideslip method:
- wing tip strikes
- reduced control options if fluctuating winds

30% off = 50%
50% off = 75%
70% off = 90%

If it's not equipped with suitable glide path guidance (ILS) or VASIS for operation in VMC.

If prompted by safety concerns.

- runway surface conditions are affected (snow, ice etc.)

- landing conditions:
ceiling < 500 ft (above AD elevation)
vis < 1'900 m
required instrument approach minimum = > 300 ft AND ceiling  < 800 ft OR vis < 3'000 ft

- take-off conditions:
vis < 1'900 m

- windshear or thunderstorms have been reported/forecasted

- crosswind component (incl. gusts): > 15 kt
OR tailwind component: > 5 kt

climb-out / crosswind / downwind / base leg / final

"dead side": upwind

(+ long final, extended downwind for long approaches)

abeam runway end of landing runway