the media

person or company that officially admits they cannot pay what they owe

be, become, go bankrupt, declare, admit, force into, file for, avoid, escape, face bankruptcy

the system by which a country's trade, industry and money is organised

emerging, advanced, domestic, global, booming, depressed economy

(Vermögenswerte) something having value, such as a posession or property, that is owned by a person, business, or organisation

increase, reduce, dispose of, acclumate, aquire, freeze, release, transfer assets

to get or receive something from someone with the intention of giving it back after a period of time

give someone something for a period of time, expecting that they will give it back sooner or later

the idea that the price of goods and services depends on how much of something is being sold and how many people want to buy it 

system of money used in a country

domestic, foreign, stable, strong, weak currency

a formal agreement, especially in business or politics

propose a, accept a, negotiate a , strike a, sign a deal

a person who is competing to get a job or elected position

There are three candidates standing in the election

a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official jon

The Governemt is expected to call an election (allow the country to vote) very soon.

to compete as a candidate in an election

Mrs Thatcher wanted to run a fourth time. He is going to run against Smith for President/for re-election.

a series of planned events in different places attended or given by a politician who is trying to be elected

She went on the campaign trail around the Southern states with Clinton before the 1992 election

engaged in making political speeches to win office

She remembers when her dad ran for governor and stumped the north of the state.

to interrupt a public speech or performance with loud unfriendly statements or questions

(dazwischenrufen)

a few angry locals started heckling (the speaker).

a series of brief visits to different places, made usually by a politician

someone whose job is to make ideas, events etc. seem better that they really are, especially in politics

in the US, a political partner chosen for a politician who is trying to get elected

if a candidate for presidents wins the election, his/her running mate becomes the vice president

a perfect combination, especially a combination of two politicians working for one party in an election

Kennedy and Johnson were the first "dream ticket".

the activity, especially of newspapers and reporters, of trying to find out unpleasant information about people or organisations in order ro make it public.

there was so much muckraking about his family life that he decided not to stand for election.

when you say insulting or unfair things about someone, especially to try to damage their reputation

political mud-slinging

Massenmedien

newspapers, radio and television

--> the mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change

Neue Medien

products and services that provide information or entertainment using computers or the Internet, and not by traditional methods such as television and newspapers

--> We must embrace the opportunities presented by the new media.

a combination of videos, images, sounds, text, etc. that are connected together on a website, which you can click on in order to use them or to go to other related videos

online community of people who use the modern technology to communicate and share information

--> twitter, facebook, tumblr etc.

all the blogs on the Internet, and the people who write or read them

("Netzbürger") an active participant in the online community of the internet

a system of signs which can be decoded to create meaning

--> in media texts, we look at a range of different signs that can be loosely grouped into the following: technical codes, verbal codes, symbolic codes.

the fact that newspapers, television, radio, and the internet are becoming less separate as technology develops (Annäherung)

--> Media convergence means that we can now watch a newspaper's video report on our mobile phone via the internet

the process of breaking into separate parts

--> the number of media channels has caused audience fragmentation

in media studies, this refers to the number of media outlets owned by companies or individuals

--> Media concentration raises questions about the control and flow of information

process through which information is filtered for dissemination, wheter for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication

--> Gatekeeping occurs at all levels of the media structure.

a way of categorising a media text according to its form, style and content

--> He was a pioneer in various genres including satire, literary critisism, and drama.

The influence that media texts have on each other. Sometimes this is the result of direct cross-references (e.g. music mash ups) or indirect (the way gossip news items regulate the way we view a star's performance)

--> Every text is a product of intertextuality

news values determine how much prominence a cews story is given by a media outlet, and the attention it is given by the audience

--> News journalism has a broadly agreed set of values, often reffered to as "newsworthiness"

a formal discussion of a topic in speech or writing

--> a discourse on critical theory

a spoken or written account of conncected events; a story

--> Part of this narrative was written, but not published, as a study for the commission.

a theory in mass communication that states that the media have the ability to determine which issues are important to the public

selecting and highlighting some facets if events or issues and making connections among them so as to promote a particular interpretation, evaluation, and/or solution

(Assoziation, Beiklang) an ide or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning

--> The word "discipline" has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression