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Leptospira has 2 species name them:
Leptospira interrogans - pathogenic species
Leptospira biflexa - saprophytes
Name non-flexible spiral bacteria
- helicobacter
- campylobacter
- vibrio
Name flexible spiral bacteria
- Treponema
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
Where is endoflagella ?
- characteristic ONLY in spirochetes
- under the phospholipid-rich outer membrane - protects from immune recognition
- in periplasm
Endoflagella also known as ?
axial filament
Function of axial filament
- rotation of flagella spins the spirochete around
- generates corkscrew type movement
Composition of flexible spiral bacteria from inner sheath to outer
- innermost portion: cytoplasmic membrane
- 2nd layer: Cell Wall or periplasmic layer
- 3rd : periplasmic space with endoflagella
- 4th: outer membrane - surrounding endoflagellla and protects from immune recognition
Virulence factors of flexible spiral bacteria
- Motility - active penetration into tissue
- low immunity - protect from immune recognition
- OMP - adhesion
- fibronectin-binding - anti-phagocytic
- hyaluronidase
- endothelial cells damage - inflammation
flexible spiral bacteria - spirochete - bacteria with endoflagella/axial filament
