Organizational Behavior 2

GROUP
two or more individuals, interacting and interdeoendent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. 

FORMAL GROUP
A seignated work group defined by an organizations structure
Command Group
A group composed of the individuals who report directly to the need for social contact. 
Task Group
People working together to complete a job task

INFORMAL GROUP
Group that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determindes; such a group appears in response to the need for social contact
Interest Group
People working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned
Friendship Group
Poeple brought together because they share one or more common characteristics
 

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Adjourning

The puncutated-equilibrium model

Temporary groups have own sequencing actions: 
1. Their first meeting sets the group´s direction
2. This first phase of group activity is one of inertia (Schwerfälligkeit)
3. a transition (Übergang / Druchgang) takes place at the end of this first phase (halftime)
4. a transition initiates major changes
5. a second phase of inertia follows the transition
6. the group´s last meeting characterised by markedly accelerated activity (besonders beschleunigt)

Security
Status
Self-esteem
Affiliation
Power
Goal Achievement

GROUP PROPERTY 1: ROLES
A set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social untit. 
Role Identity
Certain attitudes and behavior consistent with a role
Role Perception
An individual´s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation
Role expectations
How others believe a person should act in a fiven situation
Role conflict
A situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent (abweichend / untersch.) role expectations
 

Norms
acceptable standards of behavior whithin a group that are shared by the group´s memebrs

Classes of Norms:
Performance norms
Appearance norms
Social arrangement norms
Allocation of resources norms

Reference Groups
Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whose norms individuals are likely to conform.

Conformity
The adjustment of one´s behavior to align wit the norms of the group

Deviant Workplace behavior
Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization

Typology of deviant workplace behavior

Production: Leaving early, wasting resources...
Property: Sabotage, Lying about hours worked, stealing from organization...
Political: Showing favouritism, blaming co-workers
Personal aggression: sexual harassment, verbal abuse... 

Status
A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others - it differentiates group members

Determined by: Status Characteristics Theory
Status derived from 1 of 3 sources:
- The power a person wields over others
- The ability to contribute to group goals
- The individual‘s personal characteristics