Lab 10

It encloses the joint cavity. It's dobule layered. The outter layer is of dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the periosteum layer of the joing bones. It strengthens the joint so that the bones are nor pulled apart. The inner layer is a synovial membrane that is composed of loose connective tissue - it creates the synovial fluid. 

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION. 

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION. 

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION. 

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION. 

A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION. 

Bandlike ligaments that reinforce joints. The liagments are usually capsular - that is, they are thickend parts of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule. 

Certain synovial joints contain a disc of fibrocartilage called an articular disc - or meniscus. They extend internally from the capsule and completely or partly divdes the joint cavity in two. They occur where the bones meeting are slightly different sizes. They fill the gaps and minimize the wear and damage of the bones. 

contain synovial fluid and often are associated with synovial joints - essentaillay closed bags of lubricant that act like ball bearings to reduce friction between body elements that move over one another. 

BURSA - a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones overlie eachother and rub together. 

Tendon Sheath - essentially an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon like a bun around a hot dog. The occur only on tendons that are subjected to friction, such as those that travel through joint cavities or are crowded together. 

Nearly flat surfaces of two bones slip across each other at the joints between the carpals and the tarsals and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae. 

Elevation - lifting a body part superiorly. Depressing - moving the body part down. 

Portraction - non angular movements in the anterior and posterior directions. 

Move your bumg across the palm enabling it to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand. 

- jaw joint. Modified Hinge. 

Structurally or functionally. 

They are based on the presence of connective tissue fiber, cartilage, or a joint cavity between the articulating bones. Specifically there are - fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. 

They focus on the amount of movement allowed at the joint. There are synarthroses (imovable joints), amphiarthroses (slightly moveable joints), diarthroses (freely movable joints). Freely movable joints predominate in the limbs, whereas immovable and slightly movable joints are largerly restricted to the axial skeleton. As a general rule - fibrous joints are immovable and synovial joints are freely movable. Cartilaginous joints offer both rigid and slightly movable examples. 

The bones are joined by fibrous tissue. No joint cavity is present. 

The length of the fibers uniting the bones. Although some fibrous joints are slightly movable, most are synarthrotic and permit virtually no movement. 

Sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis.

In sutures - the irregular edges of the boens interlock and are united by very short connective tissue fibers. Most joints of the skull are sutures. 

The articulating bones are connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue; the bones do not interlock. The joint at the distal end of the tibia and fibula is an example of a syndemosis. Although 

The joint in which a tooth is secured in a bony socket by the peridontal ligament. 

The articulating bone ends are connected by a plate or pad of cartilage. No joint cavity is present. Most of them are slightly movable. 

Synchondroses and symphyses. 

(growing together) - the bones are connected by a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage. The intervertebral joints between adjacent vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis of the pelvis are symphyses. 

The bony portions are united by hyaline cartilage. The articullation of the coast cartilage of the first rib with the sternum is a synchondrosis, but perhaps the best examples of synchondroses are the epiphyseal plates in the long bones of growing children. These are totally ossified by adult hood. 

Joints in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid. All synovial joints are diarthroses, or freely movable joints. Their mobility varies, however; some synovial joints can move in only one plane, and others can move in several directions (multiaxial movement). Most body joints are synovial joints.