Englisch

Jargon:  

• Defining features of a register
• special technical vocabulary associated with a specific area of work or interest.
• It helps to create and maintain connections among those who see themselves as “insiders” in some way and exclude “outsiders”.

The universalist approach examines what all languages have in common, while the relativist approach deals with the way how languages differ from one another, and how this difference influence the ways of how speakers think.

There is a difference between the linguistic meaning and physical meaning of the slogan.

Linguistically:  Suggesting lack of hazard
The linguistic form “empty” would make us draw the conclusion that the drums are not dangerous.

Physically:  Yes, because the drums might contain explosive vapour which is extremely dangerous.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis consists of two versions.
The strong version is known as linguistic determinism which says language determines thoughts.
The weak version is known as linguistic relativity which states that our perception of the world is influenced by language

Broad transcription refers to phonemic transcription which disregards all allophonic differences, i.e. a set of multiple possible spoken sounds to pronounce a phoneme.

Narrow transcription, in contrast, does indicate the allophonic differences.

Vowels are highlighted.

/ˋhæpinəs/ or  /ˋhæpɪnəs/

Consonants are produced when the air-stream is obstructed in the throat, or in the vocal tract before it leaves the body through the mouth or nose.

/milk/ or /mɪlk/