DEH 103: Histology & Embryology
Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 44 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Medical |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 01.01.2014 / 01.01.2014 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/deh_103_histology_embryology1
|
| Embed |
<iframe src="https://card2brain.ch/box/deh_103_histology_embryology1/embed" width="780" height="150" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
Create or copy sets of flashcards
With an upgrade you can create or copy an unlimited number of sets and use many more additional features.
Log in to see all the cards.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and what are characteristics of each?
- Smooth (involuntary) muscles
- Skeletal (striated/voluntary) muscles
- Cardiac (involuntary/striated) muscel
- Characteristics of all three:
- Covered with epimysium
- Fibers are covered by perimysium
- Each muscle fiber is covered with an endomysium
- Each muscle type contains actin and myosin 2 proteins which change chemical to mechanical energy by clevage of ATP which enable muscle contractions
- Each type have a full complement of cells during development, only growth is increasing the volume of myoctes (muscle cells)
What are the 12 organ systems?
- Skin system
- Neural system
- Skeletal system
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Vascular system
- Lymphatic system
- Muscular system
- Endocrine system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system
- Speical senses
This is the largest organ. It excretes waste products (CO2, water, salt & urea). Eliminates heat. Protection against foreign invasion. Nerves recieve stimuli. Consists of (epidermis and dermis)
Skin system
What are the 2 divisions of nervous system?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the 2 types of system functions of the nervous system?
- Afferent (sensory) system: nerves that convey information from muscles and glands to the CNS
- Efferent (motor) system: nerves that convey information from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
Tis is the system that carries impulses to voluntary muscles; such as skeletal muscles, lips, and tongue.
Somatic system
This carries impulses to involuntary muscles; such as heart, blood vessels, intestine. What are the 2 further divisions of this system?
- Autonomic system
- Sympathetic: caries increased activity
- Parasympathetic: modifies or decreases activity
The _____ system absorbs, transforms, and extracts components of food and excree unused waste. CO2, H2O, and heat are also lost. It consists of what 4 organs?
- Digestive system
- Oral cavity (salivary digestion)
- Pharynx, esophagus, and stomach (acids and liquidation)
- Small intestine (glandular excretions further digestion)
- Large intestine (absorption and dehydration)
What does the respiratory system consist of?
- Nasal passages
- Pharynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi of lungs (cilia lining this sytem help trap dust particles)
The vascular system consists of?
- Heart
- Arteries
- Caillaries
- Veins
How much blood does the heart pump?
5-6 liters 60x a minute
What are parts of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph nodes
- Thymus
- Bone marrow
- Tonsils
- Spleen
Hormones help regulate metabolism and involuntary smooth and cardiac muscle fibers, play a role in growth and development, reproduction process, immune system. What system and organs does it involve?
- Endocrine system
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Pituitary glands
- Ovaries
- Testes
- Pancrease
- Adrenal medulla
- Salivary glands
- Hypothalamus
- Stomach
- Intestine
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Heart
- Skin
The urinary system is composed of?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urinary tract
What are the 5 speical senses?
- Vision (eyes)
- Hearing (ear -- external ear, middle ear, and internal ear)
- Equilibrium (inner ear)
- Smell (olfactory organ -- nasal cavity)
- Taste (taste buds)
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
- Protection: protects the body from chemical, physical, and microbial injury and heat loss
- Absorption: in the gut absorbs nutrients from food. Lungs absorb O2
- Secretion: glandular tissue secretes important chemicals
What are the 4 types of epithelial tissue what what do they look like?
- Squamous: scale-like or flat. LInes air sacs of the lungs
- Cuboidal: roughly cube shaped. Lines the ovaries, salivary glands. (secretes and absorbs)
- Columnar: tall and narrow. Lines stomach (secrete and absorbs)
- Pseudo-stratified: rod like
The_____ eipthelium is several layers thick (i.e. skin) and the outermost layer will accumulate _____.
- Stratified
- Keratin
Where is keritinized and nonkeratnized epithelium found?
- Keratinized: fibrous waterproof protein found in skin cells
- Nonkeratinized: epithelium in superficial layers of lining mucossa
What are the 4 basic levels of the epithelium?
- Basal layer (stratum basale)
- Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)
- Granular Layer (stratum granulosum)
- Superficial layer (stratum corneum)
The basal layer is the ____ layer composed of a single layer of ____ shaped cells that overline the _____. It is _____ therefore mitosis occurs in this layer.
- Deepest
- Cuboidal cells
- Basement membrane
- germinative
The basal layer is the ____ layer composed of a single layer of ____ shaped cells that overline the _____. It is _____ therefore mitosis occurs in this layer.
- Deepest
- Cuboidal cells
- Basement membrane
- germinative
This is a thin, acellular, ehcmial-based structure always located between any form of epithelium and connective tissue. It is composted of what 2 layers?
- Basement Membrane
- Basal lamina: Produced by epithelum cells (SUPERFICIAL)
- Reticular lamina: produced by connective tissue and is more fibrous (DEEP)
What are the functions of the basement membrane?
- Supports, cushions the epithelium
- Reinforces the epithelial sheet, helping it resist stretching and tearing forces
- Connects epithelium to the connective tissue and defines the boundary
- Acts as a filtration barrier for both the epithelium and connective tissue
What are the three layers of the mucous membrane. They include the 2 layers of the basement membrane.
- Basal lamina: supperficial epithelial type tissue
- Reticular lamina: deeper connective type tissue
- Lamina propria: loose connective tissue that underlies the epithelium of mucous membranes.
What are the 2 particular types of neural tissue cells?
- Neurons: nerve cells that retrieve and conduct impulses.
- Neuroglia: supporting cells of the nervous system (5-50x more numerous than neurons) protects the nerve cells.
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
- Dendrite: multiple, receives impulses and conducts them into the cell body
- Cell body: contains neucleus and cytopasm and transfers signal to axon
- Ason: conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. The impulses terminate into axon terminals.
FYI: axons outside the CNS are insulated by myelin sheeth (product of Schwann cells)
What are the 3 clssifications of connective tissue?
- Loose
- Dense
- Loose with special purpose
What are the functions of connective tissue?
- Support
- Repair
- Protection
What are the 3 types of fiber tissue?
- Collagen
- Elastic
- Reticular
-
- 1 / 44
-
