Asian Englishes
English Varieties in Asia
English Varieties in Asia
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 18 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | English |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 11.07.2015 / 13.07.2015 |
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Define the term "Wold English".
English as a world language in all it's variety
Define the term "World Englishes"
Varieties of English (standard, dialect, national, regional, creole, hybrid, 'broken', etc.) throught the world
Define the term "World Englishes"
Varieties of English (standard, dialect, national, regional, creole, hybrid, 'broken', etc.) throught the world
Define the term "New Englishes".
New Englishes are explicitly restricted to the newly grown second-language varieties especially of Africa and Asia, like Tanzanian or Indian English
Define the term "Postcolonial Englishes".
unites all the varieties which have shared origin in (mostly) British colonization activities, emphazising this historical origin and the processes which have resulted from it. So it excludes British English but includes American or Australian English, the New Englishes, and English-related creoles.
Give a basic definition of variety.
Any set of linguistic forms which patterns acoording to certain factors
Give an advanced definition of the term variety.
Any body of human speech patterns which is sufficiently homogenous to be analysed by available techniques of synchronic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements and their arrangements or processes with braod enough semantic scope to function in all formal contexts of communication.
Name the linguistic levels of subject to variation.
1. Phonetics and phonology
2. Vocabulary
3. Synatx
4. Semantics
5. Pragmatics
Name some features of Afican American Vernacular English. Underline them with examples.
a) complete absence of the copula verb 'be' or reduced forms
b) omission of third-person singular 's' in the present tense
--> Story stay the same.
c) consonat cluster simplyfication
--> I was tryna get it on my way.
d) double negation
--> I ain't got no money.
Define the term "Lingua Franca".
A language which is used in communication between speakers who have no native language in common.
Define the term "Pidgin".
A variety of language without native speakers which arises in a language contact situation of multilingualism and which operates as a lingua franca.
Define the term "Creole".
A language which has undergone considerable pidginisation but where the reduction associated with pidginisation has been replaced by a process of expansion or creolisation, as a result of having acquired a community of native speakers and of being employed for an increasingly wide range of purposes.
What is the basic message of Kachru's three-circle Model?
Native speaker's importance continously decreases when it comes to standardising World Englishes.
--> numbers are outdated
The expanding and the outer circle are continously growing.
Sketch the historical development of Indian English.
Foundation: 1600 --> Royal Charter to the East India Company
Exonormative Stabilization: 1757 --> Battle of Plassey =British control over Bengal and Bihar
Nativisation: British India in 19th century , Independence(s) in South Asia
Endonormative Stabilisation: 1947 --> Independence
1950 --> Provision to replace English with Hindi
1965 --> English remains second official language
Name llinguistic features of Indian English.
1. Non-initial existential 'there'
--> Competition is there but this competition is not healthy, often it is maipulated competition.
2. Topicalisation
--> That you must do previous day na. Ne previous day we never do
3. Left dislocation
--> A. How do you find the mess food over here Madhumita? B: Mess food, it's a bit too hot I think so.
4. Invariant tag questions
--> No, the elections notification came on first or second November, isn't it?
5. Focus marker
--> And how come that you came to be a prof only?
I think I shoud start going to the gym from now itself.
Sri Lankan English: Name language spoken in Sri Lanka.
Sinhala, Tamil, English and Malay
Name the most imporant historical events of Sri Lankan English.
1796: Ceylon becomes part of the British East India Company --> English becomes official language of Sri Lanka
1831-1832: The Colebrooke-Cameron Comission --> Langugae-based westernisation with language as the main tool
1875: Education in English becomes popular
1917: First SL novel in English
1900- 1947: Independence Movements (World War 2)
1943: State Council decides that Sinhala & Tamil should replace Englich after Independence (although the original bill stated the Sinhala should replace English)
1946: Ten-year transition period from English ti indigenous languages
1948: Sri Lanka becomes independent
Sketch the Sri Lankan Language Policy.
1956: The Sinhala Only Policy --> Sinhala as the only official language of SL (--> Tamil riots)
1958: Tamil Special Provisions Act (--> passed in 1966 against Sinhalese protests) --> reasonable use of Tamil in administration
1972: New Constitution: Sinhala is official language , Sinhala and Tamil are national languages
1987: Indo-Sri Lanka Accord --> Sinhala and Tamil as official languages
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