Flying and planning IFR/VFR

Refresh for flight planning and flying

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This flashcard set covers essential aspects of flight planning and operations for vocational school students. It delves into critical factors like flight levels, fuel management, visibility, and approach procedures, including IFR and VFR regulations. The set also addresses crew requirements, oxygen needs, and various weather conditions. Pilots and aviation students will benefit from understanding these key elements to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.

Karten

Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Berufskunde

Stufe

Berufslehre

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

17.03.2022 / 14.09.2023

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Flightplan is valid for

IFR -15min/+15min

VFR -30min/+60min

IFR -15min/+30min

VFR -30min/+30min

IFR/VFR -30min/+30min

Restricted Area

A prior permission for flights within permanent restricted areas shall be obtained from the Defence Forces

The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency may, for special reasons, grant permission for flying in the restricted area

Aircraft may fly into activated area at the discretion of the pilot-in-command, but the pilot must be aware of the risks associated with such operations

Application for flight into ______ area at least 7 days prior to the intended flight

Restricted area

Danger area

Prohibited area

Buffer zone

Radio failure in traffic circuit

Rock wings

Gear down/Gear up

Flash lights

Barrell roll

Radio failure(VFR)

7600

TRANSMIT TWICE

Joind downwind after which 360 towards airfield

7700

Radio failure(IFR)(VMC)

Land at nearest airfield

Land at destination airfield

Hold speed and level for 7min if NO RADAR is available

Hold speed and level for 20min if ATS is available

Radio failure(IFR)(IMC)

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 20min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 7min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 7min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 20min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Radio failure(IFR)(IMC)

Follow published COMM failure

If vectored, return to flight route

Land in 30min of ETA

Join downwind

Rock wings

Weather minima(VMC) A B C D E F G 3000ft-FL100

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500ft Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000m

Weather minima(VMC) A B C D E F G +FL100

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1000m Height from cloud 1500ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500ft Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000m

Weather minima(VMC) F G <3000ft

Visibility 5km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 5km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

In case of the risk of collision

Turn right(Air) Turn right(Land)

Turn left(Air) Turn left(Land)

Turn right(Air) Turn left(Land)

Turn left(Air) Turn right(Land)

Kamikaze

VFR altitude minima sparsely populated area

500ft AGL(day/night)

1000ft AGL(day/night)

500ft AGL(day) 1000ft(night)

1000ft AGL(day) 500ft(night)

VFR altitude minima densely populated area

500ft above ground level in 600m circle

1000ft above ground level in 300m circle

500ft above ground level in 1000ft circle

1000ft above highest obstacle in 600m circle

Weather minima(VFR)(CTR/TMA)

Visibility 5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 1,5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 5km and clear of cloud

Visibility 1,5km and clear of cloud

Weather minima(Special VFR)(CTR/TMA)

Visibility 1,5km(day/night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 1,5km(day) 3km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 3km(day) 1,5km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

OISPA KALJAA

Weather minima(VMC) Night

Visibility 8km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 5km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 8km, clear of cloud

Visibility 5km, clear of cloud

VFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL EAST

FL55

FL50

FL65

FL60

VFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL WEST

FL65

FL60

FL75

FL70

IFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL EAST

FL70

FL75

FL80

FL105

IFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL WEST

FL65

FL85

FL90

FL100

IFR minimal altitude in mountainous areas, when no minimum flight altitude has been established

At a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the local regulations

At a level which is a least 600m (2000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 300m (1000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 300m (1000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 5km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 600m (2000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 5km of the estimated position of the aircraft

IFR minimal altitude, when no minimum flight altitude has been established

At a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the local regulations

At a level which is a least 300m (1000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 600m (2000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 8km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 600m (2000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 5km of the estimated position of the aircraft

At a level which is a least 300m (1000ft) above the highest obstacle located within 5km of the estimated position of the aircraft

MORA

Provides 2,000 feet of terrain clearance in mountainous areas .

Provides 1,000 feet of terrain clearance in non-mountainous regions.

Provides a reference point of clearance of 10 nm from the route centreline.

Provides a reference point of clearance of 25 nm from the route centreline.

Provides 2,000 feet of terrain clearance.

Grid MORA

Clears all terrain and man-made structures by 1000ft in areas where the highest elevations are <5000ft MSL.

Clears all terrain and man-made structures by 2000ft in areas where the highest elevations are >5001ft MSL.

Clears all terrain and man-made structures by 2000ft

Clears all terrain and man-made structures by 1000ft

Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA)

Lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 1 000 ft above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 25 NM.

Lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 2 000 ft above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 25 NM.

Lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 1 000 ft above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 10 NM.

Lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of 2 000 ft above all objects located in the area contained within a sector of a circle of 10 NM.

When the climb gradient is not enough

Take-off is not permitted.

Take-off is possible if visibility is more than 3km and ceiling 100ft above the obstacle.

Take-off is possible if visibility is more than 5km and ceiling 1000ft above the obstacle.

Take-off is possible if visibility is more than 3km and ceiling 1000ft above the ground level.

Take-off(Upslope)

Increases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Increases the ground roll by 5% for each 1%

Increases the ground roll by 10% for each 2%

Decreases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Landing(Downslope)

Increases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Increases the ground roll by 10% for each 2%

Increases the ground roll by 5% for each 1%

Decreases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Landing(Upslope)

Decreases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Decreases the ground roll by 10% for each 1%

Decreases the ground roll by 5% for each 1%

Not applicable

Take-off(Downslope)

Not applicable

Decreases the ground roll by 9% for each 1%

Decreases the ground roll by 9% for each 2%

Decreases the ground roll by 5% for each 1%

Take-off(Soft ground)

Increases the ground roll by 45% (in addition to the grass runway distance calculation, if applicable).

Increases the ground roll by 15% (in addition to the grass runway distance calculation, if applicable).

Increases the ground roll by 10% (in addition to the grass runway distance calculation, if applicable).

A take-off should not be attempt.

Take-off(Grass runway)

Dry < 5cm increases the ground roll by 10%

Dry 5-10cm increases the ground roll by 15%

Dry >25cm increases the ground roll by 25%

Wet increases the dry grass runway distance calculation by 10%

Landing(Grass runway)

Dry <5cm increases the ground roll by 10%.

Dry 5-10cm increases the ground roll by 15%.

Dry >10cm increases the ground roll at least by 25%.

Wet or soft increases the ground roll by 10%.

Landing(Paved runway)

Wet increases the ground roll by 15%

Wet increases the ground roll by 10%

Wet increases the ground roll by 25%

Not applicable

Take-off(Paved runway)

Not applicable

Wet increases the ground roll by 15%

Wet increases the ground roll by 10%

Wet increases the ground roll by 25%

Contingency Fuel

5% of the trip fuel or 5 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation.

5% of the trip fuel or 5 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above mean sea level.

3% of the trip fuel or 5 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above mean sea level.

3% of the trip fuel or 10 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation.

Additional Fuel

With destination alternate no additional alternate fuel required

Without alternate 15min holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation(2,2USG ).

Without alternate 30min holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation(4,4USG ).

5% of the trip fuel or 5 minutes holding consumption at 1500' above destination airfield elevation(1USG).

Final Reserve Fuel (Reciprocating/piston engine)

Minimum fuel required to fly for 45 minutes at 1,500 feet above the alternate aerodrome or, if an alternate is not required, at the destination aerodrome at holding speed in ISA conditions.

Minimum fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at 1,500 feet above the alternate aerodrome or, if an alternate is not required, at the destination aerodrome at holding speed in ISA conditions.

Minimum fuel required to fly for 45 minutes at 1,500 feet above the mean sea level or, if an alternate is not required, at the destination aerodrome at holding speed in ISA conditions.

Minimum fuel required to fly for 30 minutes at 1,500 feet above the mean sea level or, if an alternate is not required, at the destination aerodrome at holding speed in ISA conditions.

JET A1 weighs

0,79kg/l

0,79kg/usg

0,59kg/l

0,59kg/usg

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