Public Transport and Railways
ETHZ / Bauingenieur Bsc. / 5.Semester / HS2020 / Public Transport and Railways
ETHZ / Bauingenieur Bsc. / 5.Semester / HS2020 / Public Transport and Railways
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 94 |
|---|---|
| Utilisateurs | 48 |
| Langue | Deutsch |
| Catégorie | Code de la route |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 02.10.2020 / 28.01.2025 |
| Lien de web |
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| Intégrer |
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Interaction of Vehicles
Following
Opposite
Merging
Sequence
Crossing
Operations of Multiple Tracks
Traction-Force-Diagram
Main Content
- Max force against speed
- Max power
- Max speed
Implication
- Possible speeds
- Possible acceleration
- Possible load
High Speed Train
- Speed > 200 km/h
- exploitable almost only on dedicated infrastructure
- high strength tracks or ballast-free tracks
- high precision alignment
- limited curvature radii and limited slopes
- high electric power required
- average speed is highly dependend on amount of stops
Bus - Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Flexibility of infrastructure usage
- Less and faster infrastructure setup
- Greater friction --> better adhesion --> higher de-/acceleration
- good service in rural areas with frequent stops
Disadvantages
- Mixed traffic; congestion effects; pedestrian crossing and traffic lights
- Adhesion forces (rolling friction); quality of road
- Limited length/capacity
Metro - Advantages
+ Seperated infrastructure
+ Very high capacity
+ Large doors, level acces --> short dwell times
Why is Public Transport Supplied with Lines?
Public = Usable by All
--> Requires a Driver
--> High fixed costs
--> Bundle Demand
--> Organise in Lines
Qualities Affecting Public Transport Demand
Network Dilemmas
Node Density
Network Density
Line Density
Frequency
Number of Services
Connection Structure
Network Dilemma - Node Density
Network Dilemma - Network Density
Network Dilemma - Line Density
Network Dilemma - Frequency
Network Dilemma - Number of Services
Network Dilemma - Connection Structure
Transport System Actors
Transport Purposes
- Work
- Education
- Shopping
- Business
- Delivery
- Tourism
Transport Purpose Characteristics
Timing characteristics: Concentrated/Peak, Dispersed, work days, working hours, dispersed/holiday
Spatial characteristics: Bundled, dispersed
PPP
= Public Private Partnership
Company formed by state and private actors to provide and/or operate infrastructure and services.
Vehicle Guidance: Track-based or independent
Independent (Track-less):
- Wheels move on broad smooth surface (eg. street)
- Vehicle moves freely in two dimensions
Track based:
- Wheels move on narrow horizontal surface ("track")
- Vehicle moves only along the track
Track
Physical infrastructure providing both vertical support and horizontal guidance.
Swiss Public Transport Definitions
Building Blocks of Public Transport
- Routes
- Stations
- Rolling stocks (vehicles)
Purpose of Public Transport Planning
Choosing and arranging the building blocks (routes, stations, rolling stock) to obtain
maximum benefits at the minimum cost.
Examples of External Costs (Externalities)
Negative:
- Accidents (costs for hospital, police, legal, intangible costs, ...)
- Building damage caused by air pollution and vibrations
- Health costs due to air and noise pollution
- Environmental (climate change, habitat loss, runoff, property values, ...)
- Congestion (time is money)
Positive:
- Transport employment
- Agglomeration effects (e.g. competition and innovation)
- Increase in land value
Contrast Effect
Transportation investments increase the differences between two regions.
Volume Effect
Large quantities can be moved more efficiently than small quantities
--> therefore heavily used roads are more competitive than less used roads
Centrality Effect
- Transport routes with higher demands, such as those to large cities, are more highly developed.
- This further increases the attractiveness of these cities for development.
Captive Riders and Drivers
People who have no choice expect to use public transport are often called "captive riders" (versus "choice riders")
Captive drivers: People who cannot use the PT (location, handicapped)
Factors that Impact Public Transport Demand
- Human life stages (students may use PT more than older people)
- Population density
- Quality of service
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