Voci_1_AeCo

A flag carrier is a transportation company, such as an airline or shipping company, that, being locally registered in a given sovereign state, enjoys preferential rights or privileges accorded by the government for international operations. The term also refers to any carrier that is or was owned by a government, even long after their privatization when preferential rights or privileges continue.

The era of bilateralism gave birth to the rise of the European flag carrier.

A grandfather clause (or grandfather policy) is a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases. Those exempt from the new rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights, or to have been grandfathered in.

The current allocation mechanism of slots through grandfather rights is a barrier to entry at congested airports.

The spoke-hub distribution paradigm is a form of transport topology optimization in which traffic planners organize routes as a series of "spokes" that connect outlying points to a central "hub". Simple forms of this distribution/connection model compare with point-to-point transit systems, in which each point has a direct route to every other point, and which modeled the principal method of transporting passengers and freight until the 1970s.

The adoption of spatially and temporally concentrated hub-and-spoke networks is one of the most striking impacts of deregulation.

a possible effect or result

The starting point of the study was the notion that deregulation of air transport markets may have severe implications for the way airlines configure their networks in space and time.

knowledge or understanding of something

The starting point of the study was the notion that deregulation of air transport markets may have severe implications for the way airlines configure their networks in space and time.

Point-to-point transit refers to a transportation system in which a plane, bus, or train travels directly to a destination, rather than going through a central hub. This differs from the spoke-hub distribution paradigm in which the transportation goes to a central location where passengers change to another train, bus, or plane to reach their destination.

The 1990s saw the rise of the low-cost carrier, dedicated to serving point-to-point markets only. [...] However, only part of the smaller airpoerts reaped the benefits from this concentration trend.

The unofficial sixth freedom combines the third and fourth freedoms and is the right to carry passengers or cargo from a second country to a third country by stopping in one's own country.

Most flag carriers focussed on their national origin-destination markets, while few carriers managed to develop their home bases as sixth freedom hubs.

relating to the size, shape, and position of things, and the relation of objects to each other in space

The adoption of spatially and temporally concentrated hub-and-spoke networks is one of the most striking impacts of deregulation.

to use a situation so that you get benefit from it (even if it is wrong or unfair to do this)

Volatility, uncertainty and risk can be exploited with the right approach to airport planning.

to be the origin of something

The era of bilateralism gave birth to the rise of the European flag carrier.

to happen or to become real

There is no guarantee that the projected traffic will materialize.

to cause or force (someone) to make a definite statement or decision about something

Bilateral regulation of air services to extra-EU destinations continued to pin the flag carriers down to the airports of their home country.

If you reap the benefits or the rewards of something, you enjoy the good things that happen as a result of it

The 1990s saw the rise of the low-cost carrier, dedicated to serving point-to-point markets only. [...] However, only part of the smaller airpoerts reaped the benefits from this concentration trend.

to protect something or someone from being harmed or having problems

Airport managers must increasingly safeguard the economic performance of their airport.

a tendency to change quickly and unpredictably

Volatility, uncertainty and risk can be exploited with the right approach to airport planning.

- a term used by air traffic controllers to taxi an aircraft on the runway opposite to the traffic flow

The PanAm aircraft was instructed to backtrack to the end of the runway and then take the third exit on the right.

- strobe light - a set of lights required on every aircraft to improve visibility to others

Once the aircraft is ready to depart, the flight crew contacts ATC for start-up clearance. The beacon light must already be switched on at this point.

- authorisation for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit

The KLM aircraft had received its enroute clearance but not its take-off clearance.

- to cover or surround something in a way that harms or destroys it

- if a thought or emotion engulfs you, it controls your thoughts or feelings

The aircraft crashed back to the ground and was immediately engulfed by flames.

- to happen after something else, often as a result of it

A lengthy delay ensued after the airport had to be closed for security reasons.

- aircraft component - The body, or central structural component of an airplane. the passengers and crew are transported in the fuselage and the wings and empennage are attached to it

The fuselage of a wide-body jet commonly has a diameter of between 5 and 6 metres.

- a door cut into the floor or ceiling of a ship, airplane, or building that people or things can move through

Most narrow body aircraft have one or two overwing hatches that can be used to exit the aircraft in case of an emergency.

- education at an academic level below advanced or in between two stages, places, times, etc.

In the old days, Swissair used to make an intermediate stop in Bombay on the way from Zürich to Hong Kong.

- A rigid bar, free to pivot, or rotate about a point called the fulcrum with an input force applied to one point, and an output force taken from another point

The engines' start levers are in the forward position for start-up.

- aerodrome operating minima are criteria used by pilots to determine whether they may land or take off from any runway. They consist of two parts - one relating to the cloud base and one relating to the visibility and/or Runway Visual Range (RVR).

We immedaitely checked our take-off minima and found that the minima for take-off were 750 metres.

- to move your hand or head in a particular direction, for example to point somewhere or to get someone’s attention

During the safety on board instructions, the flight attendants will motion to indicate the location of the emergency exits.

- the stage of the take-off of an airplane with a tricycle landing gear in which the airplane has gained enough speed for the nose wheel to be lifted to increase the angle of attack and thus the lift. Identified as the Vr speed.

- movement in a circle around a fixed central point

In a second or two, the KLM aircraft had rotated and the entire fuselage had lifted off the runway.

- to cut through a part of something so that it is separated completely from the main part, or to be separated completely in this way

- to end something such as a friendship or a connection completely and permanently

The investigation yielded that the flaps were inop because the cables had been severed, presumably with criminal intent.

- the control in an aircraft that controls or refgulates the power or thrust the pilot wants the engines to develop

The captain applied take-off power and slowly, the aircraft lurched into motion.