Road Transport System
ETHZ FS17
ETHZ FS17
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 35 |
|---|---|
| Language | Deutsch |
| Category | Traffic |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 26.06.2017 / 12.08.2020 |
| Weblink |
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wave speed
speed of that interface flow/densitiy
=how wave travelling foreward/backwards
queue discipline
FIFO
LIFO
priorities
random
advantages and disadvantages bus lanes
+seperated mode, bus can jump queue, increase reliability, shift modal split to PT
-extra infrastructure cost, reduce car capacity, exacrebate car congestion, can cause gridlook
Rehabilitation
maintenance, repair, reconstruction
Pre-detrmined rehab, demand respensive rehab
transport cost
time
externalities: safety, energy consumption, health, pollution + noise, urban landscape, segregation of activities + isolation, urban sprawl + long commutes
factors involved in crashes
driver errors (speed, fatigue, medical, alcohol, mobile phone,...)
veh. conditions
Roadway conditions
Environment
sustainable transportation
social -bearable
Environment -viable
Economic -equitable
loop detectors
+all veh. are measured, accurate flow and speeds, already installed for traffic signal, mature technology
-expensive (install, maintain), limited coverage, not many variables can be estimated
floating car data (FCD)
GPS, Bluetooth, GSM
+large area covered, low cost, easy to implement, many variables can be estimated, Datafusion possible
-sample size, sophisticated processing needed, prifacy concerns, multiple partner involved, accuracy
Video tracking
Numberplate recognition, automatic veh. rechgnition, Infrared
+many variables can be estimated, accurancy
-limited coverage, high cost, sophisticated processing needed, privacy concerns, weather influences measurement
traffic management and control - improve the system
Modify the demand: urban planning, transport options, appropriate pricing, car-related policity
Modify the supply: capacity, efficient layouts, operation of the system
calming
narrow roads, roundabouts, wide sidewalks, speed bumps
speed limit
prevent occurence and servity of crashes, increase safety, limit emissions, traffic reduction, reduce noise
limit parking
+reduce demand, mode shift to PT, free up space
-harm local business, cruising veh. congest traffic
worth of a live
10 billions
Level of autonomous driving
Level 1: Function specific automation: covers one or more specific control functions (automatic assisted breaking)
Level 2: Combined function automation: at least tow primary control functions designed to work in unison, driver available and in control most the time (adaptive cruise control combined with lane management)
Level 3: Limited self-driving automation: vehicle is control most of the time, bur the driver is expected to be able to occasionally retake control with reasonable transition time (google's self-driving car)
Level 4: Full self-driving automation: Vehicle is in full control and driver is not expected to take control at any point (non)
big data analytics
Image processing
video tracking devices
Bluetooth
GPS tracking systems
mobile devices
Floating car data (FCD)
Telematikdienst zur Ermittlung von Verkehrsdaten
Links
Highway (HLS)
Main Road (HVS)
Link road (VS)
Arterial street (SS)
Local street (ES)
Nodes
Diamonds
Roundabout
Traffic light
stop sign
different kind of roads
hard shoulder lane (=Pannenstreifen)
Bus lanes
High occupancy veh. (HOV) lanes
clinbing or overtaking lanes
reversible lanes
sustainable transportation
changing of demand
open new facility: normal traffic growth, new traffic, induced traffic
opening of another facility: deduced (abgezogener) traffic
measure traffic demand
traffic flow - loop detectors
transport modes
pedestrians, bicycle, motorcycle, tram,...
purpose of the trip
commuter(pendler), shopping and visiting, commercial, turist and leisure, economic traffic
Origin and destination of trips
Non-resident traffic, destination traffic, source traffic, inland traffic, through traffic
Gebietsfremder verkehr, Zielverkehr, Quellverkehr, Binnenverkehr, Durchgangsverkehr
traffic counts: daily measutes
DTV = average Daily Traffic
DWV = average working day Traffic
DSoV = average holiday Traffic
Traffic forecast
Extrapolation method: requires relativly low efford, permit a rapid assement of the bounds for the demand, easily estimate the influenve of individual factors, cannot be applied to areas with significant structual changes, ambiguilty(Mehrdeutigkeit)
Modelling methods: can take into account multiplicity of complex scenarios, changes in behavior, structual changes and non typical events, provides more accurate forecasts, can become costly in terms of time, data and effort (aufwandsintensiv)
Problems of Road Congestion
Inability to forecast travel time, wasted time, fuel, increased Co2 emission, wear+tear of vehicle, blocked emergency access, increased collisions
congestion is caused by
bottlenecks, traffic incidents, work zones, bad weather, poor signal timing, special events
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