Road Transport System

open new facility: normal traffic growth, new traffic, induced traffic

opening of another facility: deduced (abgezogener) traffic

traffic flow - loop detectors

pedestrians, bicycle, motorcycle, tram,...

commuter(pendler), shopping and visiting, commercial, turist and leisure, economic traffic

Non-resident traffic, destination traffic, source traffic, inland traffic, through traffic

Gebietsfremder verkehr, Zielverkehr, Quellverkehr, Binnenverkehr, Durchgangsverkehr

DTV = average Daily Traffic

DWV = average working day Traffic

DSoV = average holiday Traffic

Extrapolation method: requires relativly low efford, permit a rapid assement of the bounds for the demand, easily estimate the influenve of individual factors, cannot be applied to areas with significant structual changes, ambiguilty(Mehrdeutigkeit)

Modelling methods: can take into account multiplicity of complex scenarios, changes in behavior, structual changes and non typical events, provides more accurate forecasts, can become costly in terms of time, data and effort (aufwandsintensiv) 

Inability to forecast travel time, wasted time, fuel, increased Co2 emission, wear+tear of vehicle, blocked emergency access, increased collisions

bottlenecks, traffic incidents, work zones, bad weather, poor signal timing, special events

driver logs - tracking devives

fix observer - loop detectors

areal photo$moving observer

density or speed profiles along a portion of a road for a given perion of time

requires less information, provides a rapid visual clue of traffic conditions

vs = space mean speed - average speed of vehicle captured in a photograph (more important)

vt = time mean speed - average speed recorded by a stationary observer

usually vt>vs

flow-density diagram

interface between two adjoining(benachbarten) traffic statesckwaves

=sho

speed of that interface flow/densitiy

=how wave travelling foreward/backwards

FIFO

LIFO

priorities

random

+seperated mode, bus can jump queue, increase reliability, shift modal split to PT

-extra infrastructure cost, reduce car capacity, exacrebate car congestion, can cause gridlook

maintenance, repair, reconstruction

Pre-detrmined rehab, demand respensive rehab

time

externalities: safety, energy consumption, health, pollution + noise, urban landscape, segregation of activities + isolation, urban sprawl + long commutes

driver errors (speed, fatigue, medical, alcohol, mobile phone,...)

veh. conditions

Roadway conditions

Environment

social -bearable

Environment -viable

Economic -equitable

+all veh. are measured, accurate flow and speeds, already installed for traffic signal, mature technology

-expensive (install, maintain), limited coverage, not many variables can be estimated

GPS, Bluetooth, GSM

+large area covered, low cost, easy to implement, many variables can be estimated, Datafusion possible

-sample size, sophisticated processing needed, prifacy concerns, multiple partner involved, accuracy

Numberplate recognition, automatic veh. rechgnition, Infrared

+many variables can be estimated, accurancy

-limited coverage, high cost, sophisticated processing needed, privacy concerns, weather influences measurement

Modify the demand: urban planning, transport options, appropriate pricing, car-related policity

Modify the supply: capacity, efficient layouts, operation of the system

narrow roads, roundabouts, wide sidewalks, speed bumps

prevent occurence and servity of crashes, increase safety, limit emissions, traffic reduction, reduce noise

+reduce demand, mode shift to PT, free up space

-harm local business, cruising veh. congest traffic

10 billions