Wörterliste
Jehlifisch Universität
Jehlifisch Universität
119
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Manuel Ging
Manuel Ging
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 119 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Anglais |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 23.06.2015 / 23.06.2015 |
| Lien de web |
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variance analysis
- comparing planned costs (or income) with actual costs (or income)
debt financing
- short term (trade credit (asking suppliers if you can pay them later), bank loan or bank overdraft (=temporary negative balance))
- long term: issuing bonds (only large companies do this)
- money raised has to be paid back to outside creditors
depreciation
- refers to the loss in value of a tangible asset over time (eg a vehicle)
- this loss is written off in the accounts over several years
- amortization refers to the loss in value of an intangible asset (eg the purchase of a licence or trademark)
leverage ratio
- these measure the degree to which a company relies on borrowed fund
- debt to owners' equity = total liabilities / total owners' equity
securities
- refers to stocks, bonds and money market instruments
stocks
- individual investors and financial institutions can buy them
- = equities
- listed on a stock exchange
- bought and sold on a stock exchange (= bourse)
- can go up and down
bonds
- government or large company wants to borrow a large sum of money, it issues a bond and receives the money as a loan from the institution or individual who buys it
- the original amount (= principal) is then paid back over a fixed period of time (= maturity)
- bondholer receives interest (= coupon)
- can be traded on the open market
shares
- include both, stocks and privately held stakes in small firms that are not publicly traded
dividend
- regular income from shares
capital growth
- a fund can provide regular income or capital growth
stock exchange
- = bource
- stocks are bought and solt on them
- sometimes this is a physical location, other times there is no location
- index
bond market
- is about ten times bigger than the sock market
- is entirely electronic and does not have any physical exchanges
junk bonds
- high-risk bonds
- the company might go bankrupt or default on its repayments
- high-yield bonds
price elasticity
- how sensitive a company's sales are to changes in the price of its products
mutual fund
- used by private investors to hold a basket of stocks
- instead of investing in the shares of just one company, you can invest in a mutual fund which holds a basket of stocks
treasury bond
- 30-year US government T-bond
- the most raded bond in the worls
hedging
- protect against a risk
endowment
- used to generate an income for non-commercial purposes, in particular to run a university or provide for charity
trade surplus
- a country exports more than it imports
- because foreigners need the currency to make their payments
human resource management (HRM)
- recruitment, compensation and training
- employees seen as one of most important assets
- most large companies have an HR strategy
staffing
- = manpower planning
- internal vs. external recruitment
- legal issues such as equal opportunities
- finding the right balance between permanent, full-time employees
equal opportunities
- no descrimination on the grounds of gender, race, age, disability, etc
- making sure that everyone has the same chance to get a job or get promoted
payroll
- a list of all employees and how much each one earns
arbitration
- this is where a judge (or perhaps a government-appointed official) makes a decision which is legally binding on both sides
- = Schiedsgericht
freelancer
- sometimes called consultants
- brought in for individual projects
- often these jobs replace ones that were previously done in-house by permanent staff
job description
- to identify job requirements
headhunting
- the acivity of discretely approaching employees of one company and asking them if they want to work for another
longlisted / shortlisted
- a small group of job candidates who have gone through to the final interview stage (shortlist)
- decide on a shortlist of strong candidates and hold follow-up interviews
- review applications and CVs. This initial screening process is called longlisting
- interview a number of candidates
commission
- receive a fixed percentage of every sale you make
- for staff in the sales area
fringe benefits
- whole range of other benefits such as
- sick-leave and holiday pay, retriment plans, health insurance, child care and elder care, training, company car, laptop, mobile deivce, subsidized canteen, the chance to travel, etc.
- also called perks
downtime
- increase the stability of the system to reduce downtime
encryption
- transforming data into a code to protect its confidentiality
- level of security
open-source
- platform, which is designed and improved by users, owned by no-one
- becoming more common
e-commerce
- refers to the part of e-business related to buying and selling.
- retailers set up an electronic storefront and shoppers place items thex want to buy in an electronic cart
- when the shopper is ready, they go to the chekout where their payment is processed
M-commerce
- = mobile-commerce
- shopping and payments from your phone, person-to-person payments, advertising based on your location
CRM - Customer relations management
- for sales staff: contact management, quote management, customer preferences and buying habits, etc.
- for customer services staff: order fulfilment, complaints, returns, etc.
ERP - Enterprise resource planning
- main vendors are SAP and Oracle
- manage all the stages in the company's internal supply chain
- using sales data the software can forecast demand, order materials, schedule production, project financial results, etc.
ERP - Enterprise resource planning
- main vendors are SAP and Oracle
- manage all the stages in the company's internal supply chain
- using sales data the software can forecast demand, order materials, schedule production, project financial results, etc.
MIS - Management information system
- software supports decision making, identifies patterns and trends, etc.
