Personality Psychology
Week 8
Week 8
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 16 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Psychology |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 23.10.2015 / 27.10.2015 |
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HIstory of Trait Theory
Oldest approach of explaining individuality or individual differences
Goes back to Hippocrates
Hippocrtes and Sheldon focused on bilogicl aspects of personality
Hippocrates said "Humans are made up of some mixeture the basic elements that make up the universe(earth, wind, fire, water) called Humors
Humors should be in equilibrum but different balances of elements create personality
Behavioral Genetics
Geneticists research are based on twins and adoption studies
Research would ask questions about the heritability of certain personality traits.
Evolutionary Psychology
Interested in the biological influence on behavior
Based on Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection
Interested in the possible evolutionary benefit that may come from specific personality traits and our ability to recognize them in others
They believe that we may have biogical predispositions to behave in certain ways, culture pays important role in determing personality and behavior as well. Evolutionary psychology is not determinism.
Type A Personality
- Hostile: Single best indicator for addiional heart attacks
- Ofter doing more than one task at a time
- Urging others to hurry up
- Irritated with blocked traffic (leads to road rage)
- Gesturing when talking
- Unable to sit still doing nothing
- Verbally explosive
- Playing to win
- Over-involved with work
- Impatient, time urgent
Type
Clusters of characteristics that tend to occur together
Disposition
Same as a trait
Temperament
broad dimensions from early in fancy; include emotionality, activity level and sociability
Allport Concept:
Functional Autonomy
Idea tht adult motivation is not tied to the past. It changes over the lifespan. This is discontinuity.
Example: A teen smokes to be a rebel but continues as an adult to relieve stress
Allport Concept:
Propriate Functioning
The idea tha people are proactive future oriented and do things that reinforce who they really are.
This involves ego, identity, body and esteem.
Allport's three types of traits:
Cardinal Trait
Powerful traits that influence every area of a person's life. Pretty rare.
Example: Someone who spends their life chasing, fame, fortune, or sex.
Scrooge: greed
Joan of arc: heroic self sacrifice
Mother Teresa: Religious service
Allport's Three Types of Traits:
Central Dispositions
Terms we use to describe others.
Example: Setting a friend upon a blind date and use adjectives like smart, to describe the individual.
Allport's Three Types of Traits:
Central Dispositions
Terms we use to describe others.
Example: Setting a friend upon a blind date and use adjectives like smart, to describe the individual.
Allport's Three Types of Traits:
Secondary Dispositions
Traits that are less important to the personality. May only be found in cerrtain situations.
Example: A person who is shy in class, but funny and out going in private.
According to Murray,
What is personality?
Is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophyscial systems that determine their characteristic behavior and thougt.
According to Murray,
What are needs
and
What is their significance?
A rediness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances
A force in the brain that organizes perceptions understand, and behavior in such aways as to lead us to chage and unsatisfying situation
Some are temporary and changin; others are tied deeply to our genetic makeup
What is a TAT?
Thematic Apperception Test
A projective test that assesses personality
Ambiguous pictures are shown and the individual is aked to com up with detailed stories about the picture. the Inividual projets their ideas and attitudes on the pictures. This allows the researcher to to interpret the test on the needs that define the person and the effects of press
