NTB APS 3/4
Non-radar procedures APS
Non-radar procedures APS
Kartei Details
| Karten | 52 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Verkehrskunde |
| Stufe | Andere |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 23.07.2016 / 16.01.2023 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/ntb_aps_34
|
| Einbinden |
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What information should you pass to arriving aircraft?
- runway-in-use
- current met info (unless included in ATIS)
- runway conditions
- changes in operational status of visual/non-visual aids, essential for approach and landing
Which information do you have to transmit ANYWAY to aircrafts (even if in ATIS)? (APP responsible, mostly delegated to TWR)
RVR and altimeter setting (at least once during approach)
QNH, when first descending below transition level
surface wind (included in landing, t/g or go-around clearance)
What if acft acknowledges no longer current ATIS?
transmit all elements which need update
What are the duties of APP in respect of ATIS?
- transmit elements which need update if acft reports no longer current ATIS
- inform unit responsible (usually tower) of significant changes
Who will normally issue initial clearance for arriving aircraft and how?
ACC, normally via the appropriate STAR
What does APP have to do on initial contact with arriving aircraft?
Amend clearance issued by ACC as necessary and inform about type of approach to be expected.
What if no STAR published?
Describe full route to be flown by arriving aircraft.
Do NOT clear an IFR flight on initial approach below the appropriate minimum altitude (MFA), unless.....? (4)
- acft is conducting visual approach
- position positively determined by radar
- pilot reported passed point defined by radio aid
- pilot reports aerodrome in sight and maintaining in sight
Can we issue approach clearance regardless of weather?
Yes,
it is the responsibility of the pilot to determine whether or not the conditions are below his landing minima.
What information has to be passed BEFORE final approach? (4)
- windshears / turbulences in final approach area
- current visibility in final approach path
- RVRs (if available)
- significant changes of surface wind direction and speed
What information has to be passed DURING final approach? (4)
- sign. variation of current surface wind
- changes of RVR or visibility
- sign. changes of runway conditions
- changes in operational status of visual or non-visual aids
- sudden occurence of hazards
- any other information received by TWR which may affect acft
What do you have to specify if pilot reports or if clearly apparent, that he's not familiar with instrument approach procedure? (6)
- point at which approach procedure will start
- level at which approach procedure will start
- initial approach level
- final approach track
- missed approach procedure (if deemed necessary)
- frequency of LOC
An IFR flight may be cleared for visual approach, provided...?
- able to maintain visual reference to the terrain
- reported ceiling is at or above initial approach level
OR
- pilot reports any time during instrument approach procedure that he can carry out visual approach.
What's the main task of the controller during visual approach?
provide separation and traffic information, according airspace classification
What if you have 2 visual approaches?
- apply non-radar separation until succeeding acft reports preceeding in sight
- instruct pilot to maintain own separation
- issue caution wake turbulence if necessary
What's the magical phrase about approach sequence?
Establish approach sequence to handle a maximum number of aircraft with least average delay.
Which factos should you take into account when establishing approach sequence?
- relative acft performance
- wake turbulence separation
When establishing approach sequence, who should you "credit"?
Aircraft which have been authorized to absorb notified terminal delay by cruising at reduced speed.
Who has priority for approach sequence?
- emergency
- hospital acft / sick or seriously injured passenger requiring urgent medical attention
- SAR operation
- swiss state flights
What's EAT?
Expected Approach Time
The time at which ATC expects arriving aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach or landing.
Why EAT?
- in case of communication failure a standard procedure is followed
- early planning of diversions
- ensure an orderly sequence
- economy
- enable pilot to plan his flight and if necessary request to hold at higher level
EAT for each arriving aircraft subject to holding time exceeding ... minutes.
10 minutes
Delay ...? No delay ...? Change ...?
Delay -> 10 min or more -> EAT
No delay -> tell aircraft ("no delay expected")
Change -> 5 min or more -> new EAT
EAT is only valid if what?
acknowledged by pilot
Give an example of EAT from WDM?
flight time from WDM to OMG: 4 min
runway occupancy time: 1 min
add 5 min to each EAT for each acft
If you have to update the EAT, who should you inform first?
the latest one (to avoid equal times)
What are the different types of non-radar separations (graphic)?
1. VERTICAL / HORIZONTAL
2. Horizontal -> LATERAL / LONGITUDINAL
3.1 Lateral -> GEOGRAPHICAL / TRACK
3.1.1 Geographical (e.g. airways) -> CONVENTIONAL / R-NAV
3.1.2 Track (15°/15NM) -> CONVENTIONAL / R-NAV or Dead Reckoning
3.2 Longitudinal -> TIME / DISTANCE
3.2.1 Distance -> DME / R-NAV
Lateral separation:
The distance between routes is never less than an established distance. This is obtained by ..... ? and may be done ..... ?
obtained by:
- different routes
- different geographical locations
may be done:
- visually
- use of nav aids
- use of RNAV equipment
When is geographical separation achieved?
When concerned aircraft operate in different geographical locations. (e.g. airways in Switzerland)
Explain track separation (how is it achieved?).
Achieved by requiring aircraft to fly specified tracks, which are separated by a minimum appropriate to navigation aid or method.
Aircraft using SAME navigation aid or method.
What's the principle of longitudinal separation? How shall separation be established?
Spacing between ESTIMATED position is never less than prescribed minimum.
Established by:
- departing at specific time
- lose time to arrive over location at specific time
- hold over location until specific time
Longitudinal separation minima are based on .... ?
time and distance
Provide [non-radar / radar?] separation between [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic for which you are responsible, and known [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic.
Provide non-radar separation between radar controlled traffic for which you are responsible, and known non-radar controlled traffic.
However, if you have .... ? the [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic, you may apply [non-radar / radar?] separation between this and your own [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic.
However, if you have identified the non-radar controlled traffic, you may apply radar separation between this and your own radar controlled traffic.
Provide [non-radar / radar?] separation between [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic for chih you are responsible, and known traffic for which a [non-radar / radar?] controller is responsible.
Provide non-radar separation between non-radar controlled traffic for which you are responsible, and known traffic for which a radar controller is responsible.
However, if the [non-radar / radar?] controller accepts responsibility for doing so, he may apply [non-radar / radar?] separation between your [non-radar / radar?] controlled traffic and his radar controlled traffic.
However, if the radar controller accepts responsibility for doing so, he may apply radar separation between your non-radar controlled traffic and his radar controlled traffic.
What do you have to do when you transfer from radar control to non-radar control?
establish non-radar separation before transfer
Radar separation only... ?
if identification exists and will be maintained
Apply [non-radar / radar?] separation between aircraft over same holding point.
non-radar
How do you apply separation between en-route and holding traffic?
Apply vertical separation between holding and en-route while en-route acft within 5 minutes of holding area.
Unless lateral separation exists.
