Lab 10
articulations and body movements
articulations and body movements
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 108 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Biology |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 17.02.2015 / 18.02.2015 |
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Describe the ligaments in the joint between the hip and the femur.
The ligaments of the head of the femur runs from the pitlike fovea to secure the femur. Several strong ligaments, including the iliofemoral and pubofemoral anteriorly and ischiofemoral that spirals posteriorly are arranges so that they screw the femur head into the socket when a person stands upright.
Describe the knee joint
The knee is the largest and most complex joint in the body. Three joints in one, it allows extension, flexion, and a little rotation.
What are the three joints that make up the knee joint.
The tibiofemoral joint - a duplex joint between the femoral condyles about and the menisci of the tibia below. It is functionally a hinge joint, a very unstable one made slightly more secure by the menisci. Some rotation occurs when the knee is partly flexed, but during extension the menisci and ligaments conteract rotation and side-to-side movement.
The femoropatellar joint - the intermediate joint anteriorly.
Describe the ligaments of the knee.
The patellar ligament, the mediial and lateral patellar retinacula - which run from the patella to the tibia below and merge with the capsul on either side.
The fibular and tibial collateral ligaments (which prevent rotation during extension) and the oblique popliteal and arcuate popliteal ligaments, are crucial in reinforcing the knee. The knees have a built-in locking device that must be unlocked by the popliteus muscles beofre the knees can be flexed again. The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that cross in the notch between the femoral condyles. They prevent anterior-posterior displacement of the joint and overflexion and hyperextension of the joint.
Describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) -
lies just anterior to the ear - where the egg-shaped condylar process of the mandible articulates with the inferior surface of the squamous region of the temporal bone. The temporal bone joint surface has a complicated shape; posteriorly is the mandibular fossa, and anteriorly is a bondy knob called the articular tubercle. The joint's articular capsule, though strengthened by the lateral ligament, is slack; an articular disc divides the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments. the condylar process - mandibular fossa connection allows the familiar hingelike movemtns of elevating and depressing the mandible to open and close the mouth. When the mouth is open wide the condylar process glides anteriorly and is braced against hte dense bone of the articular tubercle sot hat the mandible is not forced superiorly when we bite hard bood.
Describe the shoulder joint.
`Also called the glenohumeral joint - is the most freely moving joint of the body. The rounded head of the humerus fits the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. A rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoid labrum, deepens the cavity slightly.
Describe the shoulder joint.
`Also called the glenohumeral joint - is the most freely moving joint of the body. The rounded head of the humerus fits the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula. A rim of fibrocartilage, the glenoid labrum, deepens the cavity slightly.
Describe the ligaments of the shoulder joint.
Few ligaments reinforce the shoulder; most are located anteriorly. The coracohumeral ligament helps support the weight of the upper limb; three weak glenohumeral ligaments strengthen the front of the capsule. Sometimes they are absent. Muscle tendons form the capsule. Sometimes they are absent. Muscle tendons form the bicepts brachii and rotator cuff muscles contribute most to shoulder stability.
What is a sprain?
the ligaments reinforcing a joint are damaged by over stretching or are torn away from the boy attachment. Beache noth ligaments and tendons are cords of dense connective tissue with a poor blood supply, sprains heal slowly and are quite painful.
What is a dislocation?
Occur when bones are forced out of their normal position in the joint cavity. They are normally accompanied by torn or stressed liagments and ocnsidderable inflamation. The process of returning the bone to its proper psotioin called reduction, should only be done by a doctor. Attempts by an untrained person to snap a bone back into its socket are often more harmful than helpful.
What causes joints to get stiff into old age?
Weightbearing joints begin to degenerate. Adhesions - fiborous bands may form between the surfaces where bones joint. Extraneous bone tissue spurs may grow along the joint edges.
What is the articular cartilage?
The ends of opposing bones are covered by articular cartilages composed of HYALINE cartilage. Spong cusions that absorb compressive forces and keep the bone ends from being crushed.
What is a Joint cavity?
A features unique to synovial joints - the joint vacity is a potential space that holds a small amount of synovial fluid.
Describe the articular capsule.
It encloses the joint cavity. It's dobule layered. The outter layer is of dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the periosteum layer of the joing bones. It strengthens the joint so that the bones are nor pulled apart. The inner layer is a synovial membrane that is composed of loose connective tissue - it creates the synovial fluid.
Describe the synovial fluid.
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION.
Describe the synovial fluid.
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION.
Describe the synovial fluid
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION
Describe the synovial fluid.
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION.
Describe the synovial fluid.
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION.
Describe the synovial fluid.
A viscous liquid inside the joint cavity. It lubricates the joint so that movement is eased. It occurs within the articular cartilages - pressure put on joints during movement squeezes the fluid in to and out of the cartilages causes WEEPING LUBRICATION.
What are the reinforcing ligaments?
Bandlike ligaments that reinforce joints. The liagments are usually capsular - that is, they are thickend parts of the fibrous layer of the articular capsule.
What are the articular discs?
Certain synovial joints contain a disc of fibrocartilage called an articular disc - or meniscus. They extend internally from the capsule and completely or partly divdes the joint cavity in two. They occur where the bones meeting are slightly different sizes. They fill the gaps and minimize the wear and damage of the bones.
What are the bursae and tendon sheaths?
contain synovial fluid and often are associated with synovial joints - essentaillay closed bags of lubricant that act like ball bearings to reduce friction between body elements that move over one another.
BURSA - a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane. Occur where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones overlie eachother and rub together.
Tendon Sheath - essentially an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon like a bun around a hot dog. The occur only on tendons that are subjected to friction, such as those that travel through joint cavities or are crowded together.
What is gliding?
Nearly flat surfaces of two bones slip across each other at the joints between the carpals and the tarsals and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae.
Describe elevation and depression.
Elevation - lifting a body part superiorly. Depressing - moving the body part down.
Protraction and Retraction.
Portraction - non angular movements in the anterior and posterior directions.
Opossitions.
Move your bumg across the palm enabling it to touch the tips of the other fingers on the same hand.
Describe the temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
- jaw joint. Modified Hinge.
