Introduction to Literary and Cultural Studies, Stritzke
Intro to Literary and Cultural Studies
Intro to Literary and Cultural Studies
Kartei Details
| Karten | 55 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Englisch |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 07.02.2014 / 21.11.2015 |
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Define the term "subject matter"
"subject matter" or "object of inquiry" is literature. Narrative texts, drama and poems. Genres we analyze.
Define the term "subject domain"
"subject domain" includes author, readers, critics, publisher and literary texts. These 5 factors build up our subject domain or field of inquiry.
Name the 3 dimensions of culture and briefly explain them.
The 3 dimensions of culture as introduced by Posner are:
social dimension: refers to individual sign users, to a community and all sign useres and decoders
mental dimension: refers to the mindset, mentality, mentefacts and conventionalized codes
material dimension: refers to all kinds of artefacts of the society
The dimensions are interlinked
Give a definiton of semiotics
Semiotics is the discipline that deals with the structure and use of signs in a general sense. It examins sign processes (semiosis) of all kinds.
Define paradigm and syntagma
Paradigm: is the axis of selection. Whenever we speak we choose from the paradigm. refers to relationship between linguistic levels
Syntagma: is the axis of combination. Utterance we make, refers to relations to contiguity
Define the term "sign"
A sign is a combination of signifier and signifien (Saussures Model)
Explain the linguistic turn.
At the beginning of the 20th century general scepticism towards language arose. The linguistic turn powerfully is recognized in Saussures Model, who says that the relation between signifiér and signifiént is arbitrary. The linguistic turn is seen as a paradigm shift.
Before the linguistic turn language was not to be questioned and language was seen as a reliable tool to analyze surroundings.
Define the general communication model.
Interactive way of communicating.
Name the six functions of language according to Jakobson.
expressive function, appelative function, referential function, phatic function, metalingual function, poetic function
Connect the six functions of language to the general communication model.
expressive: addresser
appelative: addresse
referential: subject/issue
phatic: channel of communication
metalingual: linguistic code
poetic: the message itself
in every speech act these functions are involved but one is always the predominant one
Name the differences between verbal communication and textual communication.
textual communication is: unidirectional, author and reader are not present at the same time, text becomes only link between addresser and addresse, there is a time lag between production and receiption
Define the term "literature".
broad definition: anything that is written is literature, entire corpus of written and printed works
narrow definition: in order to reach an adequate definition of the subject-matter, we need reliable criteria which allow us to differentiate between literary-texts and non-literary-texts.
certain criteria to define literature are needed --> working definiton
Name the criteria of our working definition
no claim for truthfulness, ambiguity and fictionality
Explain what is meant by the critera (working definition)
no claim for truthfulness: referential texts claim to be true and they pretend to have a direct reference to reality
if literary texts are not truthful, they are fictional
fictionality: signals of fictionality
textual --> within the text, part of the content
paratextual --> features literally related to the text but not part of content (genre, name of author)
contextual --> context in which text is represented (library section)
ambiguity: literature is ambiguis, it leaves room for interpretaion
language use within text makes literature ambiguis --> connotative language use in literature
Define "fictionality".
signals of fictionality are all those signs that indicate something to be fictional.
Explain connotative, denotative and associative language use. Give Examples.
connotative: includes further meaning of a word and is based on social conventions shared by members of society --> black-death
denotative: explicitly defined meaning of a word
--> color red
associative: additional meaning of a word which is not baes on conventions, individual experience
--> white- mother dancing to Berry White songs
Define the term "theory" in general
a theory is an attempt to explain something.
Name the different attempts to define poetry
genre, language and formal aspects
Explain the term "genre"
the term refers to a group of literary works that share significant characteristics in terms of content, form and/or function
Explain what is meant by "language" in poetry
language in poetry differs from everyday language
What does "formal aspects" of a poetic text mean?
how the text is arranged, e.g. run-on-lines
Name 5 descriptive criteria for poetry
tendency towards musicality,
tendency towards relative brevity,
tendency towards increased superficiality,
tendency towards aesthetic self-referentiality,
tendency towards deviation from everyday language
Name and explain levels of structural complexity with examples (linguistic levels)
phonological level: level of sound - rhyme
morphological level: level of words and their formation - repetitions
syntactic level: level of sentences - parallelism
semantic level: level of meaning - metaphors
pragmatic level: level of context - irony
Define the poetic function
the poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection into the axis of combination
Name the constituants of the communication model of narrative texts
N1= story level --> characters
N2= level of discourse --> plot/action
N3= level of narrative text --> whole text
N4= extratextual level --> real author
N1+N2=N3
Define narrativity
distinctive quality that makes a text a narrative text
Define literaryness
distinctive quality that makes a text a literary text
Name the constituents of a narrative text
characters, action/plot segments, time and space
Define story
characters perform action in time and space
Define narrytology
is concerned with the analysis of narrative texts
In which parts is narrytology divided?
story-oriented narratology: what is told,look at content, refelcting on character, time and space (N1)
discourse-oriented narratology: how is told, mediation of story (N2)
Explain what is meant by flat and round character
flat character: monodimensional, smallest set of distinguishable features
round character: multidimensional, complex set of features
Explain plot/action
(discourse-oriented)
plot is a specific way of presenting a story
plot structure of narrative texts: 1- exposition
2- development of conflict
3- retardation
4- conflict
5- final condition
Define setting
specific location in space and time
Name the constituents of the setting
space
time
order
duration
frequency
clock time
mind time
Define space
umbrella term, location, scenery and natural world. semantization of space: carrier of meaning
define time
discourse time: time required to narrate/read story storytime: time that passes in narrated world
Define order
how events are presented
Define duration
refers to relation of discourse time and storytime
Define frequency
puts emphasize on something
