Grundlagen des Informationsmanagements - Begriffe

Initial public stock offering, the first time a firm makes shares available via a publicstock exchange, also known as ‘going public.’

A vision where low-cost sensors, processors, and communication are embedded into a wide array of products and our environment, allowing a vastnetwork to collect data, analyze input, and automatically coordinate collective action.

Also known as Sarbox or SOX; U.S. legislation enacted in the wake of the accounting scandals of the early 2000s. The act raises executive and board responsibility and ties criminal penalties to certain accounting and financial violations. Although often criticized, SOX is also seen as raising stakes for mismanagement and misdeeds related to a firm’s accounting practices.

Financial performance that consistently outperforms industry averages.

Performing the same tasks better than rivals perform them.

A basic good that can be interchanged with nearly identical offerings by others--think milk, coal, orange juice, or to a lesser extent, Windows PCs and Android phones. The more commoditized an offering, the greater the likelihood that competition will be based on price.

Exists when savvy rivals watch a pioneer’s efforts, learn from their successes and missteps, then enter the market quickly with a comparable or superior product at a lower cost before the first mover can dominate.

Performing different tasks than rivals, or the same tasks in a different way.

Sometimes referred to as inventory turnover, stock turns, or stock turnover. It is the number of times inventory is sold or used during a given period. A higher figure means that a firm is selling products quickly.

Attempts to occupy more than one position, while failing to match the benefits of a more efficient, singularly focused rival.

The strategic thinking approach suggesting that if a firm is to maintain sustainable competitive advantage, it must control an exploitable resource, or set of resources, that have four critical characteristics. These resources must be (1) valuable, (2) rare, (3) imperfectly imitable, and (4) nonsubstitutable.

A technology that increases the transmission capacity (and hence speed) of fiber-optic cable. Transmissions using fiber are accomplished by transmitting light inside “glass” cables. In DWDM, the light inside fiber is split into different wavelengths in a way similar to how a prism splits light into different colors.

A way of doing business that competitors struggle to replicate and that frequently involves technology in a key enabling role.