Economics

Flashcards

Flashcards


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Erstellt / Aktualisiert 28.08.2015 / 23.11.2016
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Wants

They're desires that can be satisfied by consuming a good or a service.

Needs

They're things that are necessary for survival.

Scarcity

It exits when there are not enough resources to satisfy human wants.

Economics

It's the study of how individuals and societies satisfy their unlimited wants with limited resources.

Goods

Physical objects that can be purchased such as food, clothing, and furniture.

Services

Work that one person performs for another pay

Consumer

A person who buys goods or services for personal use.

Producer

Person who makes goods or provides services.

Factors of production

Economic resources needed to produce goods and services.

Land

Natural resources found on or under the ground that are used to produce goods and services.

Labor

All the human time, effort, and the talent that go into making the products.

Capital

All the resources made and used by people to produce and distribute goods and services.

Entrepreneurship

Combination of vision,skill, ingenuity, and willingness to take risks that is needed to create and run a new business.

Incentives

They are methods used to encourage people to take certain actions.

Utility

The benefit or satisfaction received from using a good or service.

Economize

To make decisions according to the best combination of costs and benefits.

Trade-off

The alternative people give up when they make choices.

Opportunity Cost

The value of something that is given up to get something else that is wanted.

Cost-benefit Analysis

An approach that weighs the benefits of an action against its costs.

Marginal Cost

The additional cost of using one more unit of a product.

Marginal Benefit

The additional satisfaction from using one more unit of a product.

Economic Model

A simplified representation of economic forces.

Production Possibilities Curve (PPC)

A graph used by economists to show the impact of scarcity on an economy.

Efficiency

It involves producing the maximum account of goods and services possible.

Underutilization

It means producing fewer goods and services than possible.

Law of Increasing Opportunity Costs

It states that as production switches from one product to another, increasing amounts of resources are needed to increase the production of the second product.

Statistics

They're information in numerical form.

Microeconomics

The study of individuals, families, and businesses in an economy.

Macroeconomics

The study of the economy as a whole and is concerned with large-scale economic activity.

Positive Economics

It studies economic behavior as it is.

Normative Economics

It involves judgements of what economic behavior ought to be.

Economic System

The way a society uses resources to satisfy it's people's wants.

Traditional economy

An economic system in which people produce and distribute goods according to customs handed down from generation to generation.

Command economy

An economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions.

Market economy

An economic system in which individual choice and voluntary exchange direct economic decisions.

Centrally planned economy

A system in which central government officials make all economic decisions.

Socialism

An economic system in which the government owns some or all factors of production.

Communism

An economic system in which the government owns all the factors of production and there is a little or no political freedom.

Authoritarian

Systems that require absolute obedience to those in power.

Private property rights

The rigths of individuals and groups to own businesses and resources.