Cellbiology - Glossary and Stoyanov questions
Cellbiology: Essential Cell Biology
Cellbiology: Essential Cell Biology
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 194 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Technology |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 30.06.2014 / 04.12.2016 |
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transfer RNA (tRNA)
Set of small RNA molecules used in protein synthesis as an interface (adaptor) between mRNA and amino acids. Each type of tRNA molecule is covalently linked to a particular amino acid.
telomere
Structure at the ends of linear chromosomes, associated with a characteristic DNA sequence that is
replicated in a special way. Counteracts the tendency of the chromosome otherwise to shorten with each round
of replication. (From Greek, telos, “end”.)
telomerase
Enzyme that elongates telomeres, the repetitive nucleotide sequences found at the ends of eucaryotic chromosomes.
tubulin
Protein from which microtubules are made.
yeast
Common term for several families of unicellular fungi (eukaryotic cells used as model organisms). Includes
species used for brewing beer and making bread, as well as species that cause disease.
DNA replication is considered semiconservative because ...
The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously at the replication fork because ...
Match the definitions to the correct position of the cell.
- Transcription
- Translation
- RNA splicing
- Polyadenylation
- RNA capping
check the image, only the translation is in the ribosomes. the rest is in the nucleus.
- Total nucleic acids are extracted from a culture of yeast cells and are then mixed with resin beads to which the polynucleotide 5′-TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3′ has been covalently attached. After a short incubation, the beads are then extracted from the mixture. When you analyze the cellular nucleic acids that have stuck to the beads, which of the following will be most abundant?
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?
The microorganisms that usually live on or within a person are referred as?
The limiting factor of any light microscope (i.e. the thing that limits the resolution to 0.2um) is ....
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by ...
Binary Fission
In Binary Fission, the DNA is copied, resulting in 2 identical chromosomes attached to the inside of prokaryote's inner cell membrane. A new cell membrane then begins to develop between the 2 DNA copies. The cell grows until it reaches twice the cell's original size. As new material is added, the growing cell membrane pushes inward and the cell is constricted in the center, like a balloon being squeezed in the middle. A new cell wall forms around the new membrane. Eventually, the dividing prokaryote is split into 2 independent cells. Each cell contains one of the identical chromosomes that resulted from the copying of the original cell's chromosome.
The process whereby “naked DNA” is absorbed into a bacterial cell is known as ....
Which one of the following is not a common mechanism by which antimicrobial agent kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria?
DNA contain:
RNA contain:
DNA
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid
out of deoxyribonucleotides (contain deoxyribose)
RNA
RNA = Ribonucleic acid
out of ribonucleotides (contain ribose)
Linkage for two Nucleotides for building nucleic acid
Nucleic acid, includes ... ?
Nucleotides and they are covalently linked by formation of phophodiester bonds.
ATP
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate
What is a nucleotide. which molecules are included?
Includes a Nucleoside with one ore more phosphate groups attached to the sugar.
There are two groups in a polypeptide.
- N-terminus
- C-terminus
name the two groups which are at these ends.
- N-terminus = NH2 (amino group)
- C-terminus = COOH (carboxyl group)
The bonds between two AA in a protein are formed by which reaction?
Name of the linkage between two AA in a protein? (covalent linkage)
peptide bond.
The chain of AA in a protein also known as polypeptide.
Linkage between two AA in a protein
Which type of AA is used in proteins?
Amino acid, which groups they have? Two with one atom between.
Carboxylic acid group (COOH)
Amino group (NH2)
between a carbon atom
Glycolipids for what important?
important for intracellular signaling.
Most important function of fatty acids in cells
formation of membranes. Mainly composed out of phospholipids, which are small molecules
Unsaturated fats
are monosaturated or polyunsaturated
free bindings available
Saturated fats
No free bond available.
Raise the concentration of cholesterol in blood.
where are fatty acid stored?
in the cytoplasm of many cells, in form of triacylglycerol.
Hydrolysis
Condensation reaction
Condensation reaction
sugar form (monosaccarides)
Base
Acid
