Cellbiology - Glossary and Stoyanov questions
Cellbiology: Essential Cell Biology
Cellbiology: Essential Cell Biology
Kartei Details
| Karten | 194 |
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| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Technik |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 30.06.2014 / 04.12.2016 |
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Acetyl CoA carriers?
Acetyl CoA carriers acetyl groups.
Protein chain, what is the name of the bond between the AA's.
These are covalent peptide bonds.
What is the name of a AA-chain in a protein?
Polypetides or polypeptide chain
How does it works, to bind two amino acids together.
between which groups and which binding typ.
- This is a condensation reactions (This means H2O goes away)
- gives a covalent peptide bond
Reaction occurs between COOH (carboxyl group) and NH2 (amino group). Gives then
CO and HN with sharing electrons. H2O goes away.
How many AA are polar and how many are nonpolar?
- when polar/nonpolar then hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
- How many different AA exist?
- 20 AA
- 10 polar = hydrophilic
- 10 nonpolar = hydrophbic
name the 3 types of noncovalent bonds, which we find in proteins.
- H-bond
- van der Waals
- electrostatic attractions
nonpolar side chains in a protein
polar side chains
Protein alpha-helix:
-every .. th is linked together.
- and linkage between which atoms?
- which type of bonding?
- every 4th is linked together
- N-H and C=O
- H-bonds
Protein alpha-helix:
-every .. th is linked together.
- and linkage between which atoms?
- which type of bonding?
- every 4th is linked together
- N-H and C=O
- H-bonds
what is: Coiled-coil structure
When two or three alpha-helices will wrap around each other.
bonding in primary structure (Protein)
covalent peptide bond
bonding in tertiary structure (Protein)
polypeptide chains stabilized by H-bonds & non-covalent interactions between AA side chains
bonding in secondary structure (Protein)
plypeptide chains stabilized by H-bonds of the peptide backbone
bonding in quaternary structure (Protein)
subunits or protein complexes stabilized by covalent and non-covalent bonds.
acetyl CoA (acetyl coenzyme A)
What is it and for what is it used?
Small water-soluble molecule that carries acetyl groups in cells.
actin filaments
Protein filament, 7-nm wide, formed from a chain of globular actin molecules. A major constituent of the cytoskeleton of all eucaryotic cells and especially abundant in muscle cells.
activation energy
The extra energy that must be acquired by a molecule to undergo a particular chemical reaction.
active site
Specialized region of an enzyme surface to which a substrate molecule binds before it undergoes a catalyzed
reaction.
adherens junction
Cell junction in which the cytoplasmic face is attached to actin filaments.
ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate)
Nucleotide that is produced by hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate of ATP.
allosteric
Describes a protein that can exist in two or more conformations depending on the binding of a molecule (a
ligand) at a site other than the catalytic site. Allosteric proteins composed of multiple subunits often display a cooperative response to ligand binding, because the binding of a ligand to one subunit facilitates the binding
of ligands to the other subunits.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule to form an aminoacyl-tRNA.
amphipathic
Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, as in a phospholipid or a detergent molecule.
anabolism
Reaction pathways by which large molecules are made from smaller ones. Biosynthesis
anaerobic
Describes a cell, organism, or metabolic process that functions in the absence of air or, more precisely, in the absence of molecular oxygen.
anaphase
Stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other. Composed of anaphase A (chromosomes move toward the two spindle poles) and anaphase B (spindle poles move apart).
anaphase-promoting complex (APC)
A protein complex that promotes the destruction of specific proteins, by catalyzing their ubiquitylation. It is a crucial component of the cell-cycle control system.
anion
anticodon
Sequence of three nucleotides in a transfer RNA molecule that is complementary to the three-nucleotide codon on a messenger RNA molecule; each anticodon is matched to a specific amino acid covalently attached elsewhere on the transfer RNA molecule.
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