Bio Chapter 8
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Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 26 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Biologie |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 02.09.2014 / 03.09.2014 |
| Lien de web |
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Metabolism
totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Catabolic Pathways
release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds
Anabolic Pathways
consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
Energy
The capacity to cause change
Heat or Thermal Energy
Kinentic Energy associated with random movement of atoms and molecules
Chemical Energy
Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics
The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be converted or transferred by never created or destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Every Energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Spontanious Reaction
Reaction that can occur without an input of energy. These reactions must increase the entropy of the universe
Free Energy (G)
The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform
Exergenic Reaction
proceeds with a net release of free energy
Endergenic Reaction
Absorbs free energy from its surroundings
Energy Coupling
The use of an exergenic reaction to drive and endergenic one
Enzyme
A macromolecule that acts as a catalyst for metabolic processes
Activation Energy
Initial energy investment needed to begin a reaction
Substrate
The reactant an enzyme acts on
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
The enzyme plus the substrate bonded together
Active site
The restricted region of the enzyme that binds to the substrate.
Induced Fit
The process of an enzyme slightly altering its shape to form closer to the substrate
Cofactor
Non protein helper for catalytic activity
Competitive Inhibitors
Resemble the normal substrate and compete with the substrate for admission to the active site
Non-competitive inhibitors
Bind to the enzyme somewhere other than the active site, which alters the enzyme's shape, slowing enzymatic reactions
Allosteric Regulation
when a protein's function at one site is effected by the binding of a regulatory molecule at another
Cooperactivity
A substrate molecule binding to the active site in a multisubunit enzyme triggers a shape change in all subunits that increases the catalytic activity
Feedback Inhibition
A system where a metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway
