Bio Chapter 7

1. Transport: channels and proteins

2. Enzymatic Activity: enzymes in the membrane

3. Signal Transduction: has a receptor to relay messages to the inside of the cell

4. Cell-Cell Recognition

5: Intercellular Joining: membrane proteins hook together

6: Attachment to Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix

a membrane carbohydrate- carbohydrate bonded to membrane lipids

type of membrane carbohydrates- carbohydrates covalently bonded to proteins

Function as a hydrophillic channel that molecules/ions use to cross the membrane

Channels specifically for water

hold and change shape in a way that allows a substance to cross the membrane

The movement of molecules of any substance so they spread evenly in available space

The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases

Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, with no energy required

The diffusion of free water across a selective permeable membrane

Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal- no net movement of water

Solute is more concentrated outside the cell- movement of water out of the cell

Solute is less concentrated outside of cell- cell gains water

controls of solute concentration and H2O balance

The pressure exerted by cell walls on a cell in hypotonic solution after so much water is absorbed

State of cell where it is full of water and firm- the normal state

the state in a cell with cell walls in isotonic solution- water isn't entering so the cell is limp

A cell in hypertonic solution loses water and the membrane pulls away from the cell wall

Passive Diffusion of molecules and ions with the help of proteins

Channel proteins open and close in response to stimuli

The movement of a solute across a membrane against its gradient which requires energy expenditure

exchanges Na+ for K+

The voltage across a membrane

The combination of the ions concentration and the membrane potential that effect an ion's movement. An ion diffuses down its ELECTROCHEMICAL gradient, not it's concentration gradient

A transport protein that generates voltage across the membrane

Actively transports H+ out of a cell

The indirect driving of active transport of other solutes by the ATP transport of a specific solute

The cell secretes large biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Cells take in biological molecules by forming new vesicles in the plasma membrane

Any molecule that binds to a specific receptor site on another molecule