Anatomy Lab 8

Skeleton - axial - skull - sphenoid bone; Opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of a branch of the fifth cranial nerve. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - sphenoid bone; Opening lateral to the foramen ovale through whith the middle meningeal artery passes. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; Irregulary shaped bone anterior to the spenoid. Forms of the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; (cock's comb) Vertical projections providing a point of attachment for the dura mater, helping to secure the brain withint he skull. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; Bony plates lateral to the crista galli through with olfactory fibers (cranial nerve I) pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform foramina. Toghether the cribriform plates and the midline crista galli form the HORIZONTAL PLATE of the ethmoid bone. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; Inferior projections of the ethmoid that forms the superior part of the nasal septum. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; Irregularly shaped thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally. Their lateral surfaces (orbital plates) shape part of the medial orbit walls. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - ethmoid bone; Thin, delicately coiled plates of bone extending medially from the ethmoidal labrynths into the nasal cavity. The conche make airflow through the nasal cavity more efficent and greatly increase the surface area of the mucosa that covers them, thus increasing the mucosa's ability to warm and humidify incoming air. 

1. Mandible

2. Maxillae (2)

3. Palatine Bone (2)

4. Zygomatic bone (2)

5. Lacrimal bone (2)

6. Nasal bone (2)

7. Vomer

8. Inferior nasal conchae (2)

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; The lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints of the skull. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - manidble; Horizontal portion; forms the chin. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Vertical extension of the body on either side. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - condylar process; Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Posterior point at which ramus meets the body. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Prominent opening on the body (lateral to the midline) that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerves to the lower jaw. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Open the lower jaw of the skull to identify this prominent forament on the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus. This foramen permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation (mandibular branch of the cranial nerve V) and is the site where the dentist injects novocain to prevent pain while working on lower teeth. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Superior margin of the mandible; contains sockets in which the teeth lie. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - mandible; Anterior median depression indicating point of mandibular fusion. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - maxillae; two bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone and part of the orbits. All facial bones, except the mandible, join the maxillae. Thus they are the main or keystone bones of the face. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - maxillae; Inferior margin containing the sockets in wich the teeth lie. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - maxillae; form the anterior hard palate and meet medially in the intermaxillary suture. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - maxillae; Opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - maxillae; Large bilateral opening located posterior to the central incisor tooth of the maxilla and piercing the hard palate; transmits the nasopalatine arteries and blood vessels. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - palatine bone; Paired bones posterior to thepalatine processes; form posterior hard palate and part of the orbit; meet medially at the median palatine suture. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - zygomatic bone; Lateral to the maxialla; forms the portion of the face commonly called the called the cheekbone, and forms part of the lateral orbit. It's thre processes are named for the bones with which they articulate. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - lacrimal bone; fingernail-sized bones forming a part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid. Each lacrimal bone is pierced by an opening, the LACRIMAL FOSSA which serves as a passageway for tears. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - nasal bones; Samll rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - Vomer; Blade-shaped bone in the median plane of the nasal cavity that forms the posterior and inferior nasal septum. 

Skeleton - axial - skull - facial bones - inferior nasal conchae (turbinates); thin curbed bones protruding medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity; serve the same purpose as the turbinate portions of the ethmoid bone. 

Seven bones of the skull form the orbit, the bony cavity that surrounds the eye - the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic. 

Not really considered or counted as a skull bone, the hyoid bone is located in the throat above the larynx where it serves as a point of attachment for many tounge and neck muscles. It does not articulate with any other bone and its thus unique. It is horseshoe-shaped with a body and two pairs of horns, or cornua. 

Four skull bones - maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal - contain sinuses (mucosa lined air cavities), which lead into the nasal passages. These paranasal sinuses lighten the facial bones and may act as resonance chambers for speech. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the sinuses found in the skull. 

Inflamation of the sinuses, sometimes occurs as a result of an allergy or bacterial invasion of the sinus cavities. In such cases, some of the connecting passageways between the sinuses and the nasal passages may become blocked with thick mucaus or infectious material. Then, as the air in the sinus cavities is absorbed, a partial vacuum forms. The result is a sinus headache localized over the inflamed sinus area. Severe sinus infections may require surgical drainage to relieve this painful condition.