2S_Englisch Vocabulary - Economics/Marketing

a public show of interesting things for people to go and see //// The presentations were being held in the main exhibition hall. * an exhibition centre * an exhibition of * exhibition space * to be on exhibition

a direct expense that a business incurs in conducting an activity //// Although increasing delays reduce the explicit cost of foreclosure prevention programs, they do impose costs on investors.

commodities produced in one country are shipped to another country for sale or trade //// Benefits of coal exports extend much further, providing millions of dollars of income to the families of those who extract the coal, move it along American railways and work in American shipping ports.

a consequence of an industrial or commercial activity that affects other parties without this being reflected in the cost //// Normal business practices should report negative environmental externalities and offset their impacts so they have a net zero impact *negative externalities; *positive externalities

a place where labour, capital, and resources are purchased and sold //// Improvements in labour productivity may lead to an increased share of output for labor if factor markets are efficient.

various resources such as labour, capital, and resources which contribute to the production of a product or service //// Chinese markets for the factors of production are riddled with distortions that subsidize producers, exporters and investors.

an event at which people who work in a particular industry meet, show and sell their products //// We are now preparing to attend our first trade fair in Scandinavia. * We've taken part in industrial fairs in parts of Europe. * a job/careers fair* to visit a fair

the chances that something has of being achieved //// We're looking at the feasibility of building a shopping centre there. * a feasibility report/study on * to doubt/study the feasibility of

information or statements of opinion about how successful or useful something is //// Have we had any feedback from customers on the new soap? * positive/negative feedback * to give/provide/get feedback

currency that has been declared as legal tender, despite the fact that it has no intrinsic value and is not backed by reserves //// Gold is the best possible hedge against inflation because it is something real, whereas “fiat money” is essentially worthless.

an organization that offers loans, sells financial products,… etc //// The law had never been used to bail out a domestic financial intermediary before.

a business organization //// As per capita income increases, larger established firms play an increasingly important role in the economy.

an exchange rate under which a government or central bank ties an official exchange rate to another country's currency, or to gold //// Fixed exchange rate regimes sometimes lull investors into a false sense of security by delaying an inevitable correction.

an exchange rate where the currency is set by the foreign-exchange market through supply and demand //// But floating exchange rates and a tax on surpluses would help adjust the debt imbalances.

a small sheet of paper advertising something //// People were giving/handing out flyers advertising the event. * A bright orange flyer advertised a disco at the church hall at the weekend.

(to make) projections about future performance //// He refused to give/make/provide a forecast on when 365 is likely to make money for shareholders. * She is forecasting that inflation will remain on target at 2.5% * a bleak/gloomy forecast * a budget/deficit/profit forecast * an economic/financial/sales forecast * to cut/downgrade/reduce a forecast * to meet a forecast

markets in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies //// You can execute trading transactions on the foreign exchange market via the web or phone. * Reuters reported that traders were manipulating rates in the offshore foreign exchange market.

deposits of a currency from another country held by a central bank //// China's reserves of foreign currencies are now at $853.7 billion, allowing China to overtake Japan as the world's largest holder of foreign exchange reserves. * to build up/accumulate/deplete foreign exchange reserves

the unrestricted purchase and sale of goods and services between countries //// Washington proposed WTO talks on free trade in environmental goods and services. * The choice of a new WTO director from an emerging economy could help encourage more developing nations to open up to free trade. * a free-trade agreement/area/zone * a free trade deal/policy/treaty * to engage in free trade

a party that enjoys the benefits of society, but contributes little or nothing to the effort //// Free riders are those workers who benefit from the existence of labor unions, but who don't belong to a union. * a free-rider issue/problem * free-rider incentives/effects

an opportunity for a product or service that is not yet available //// Have you found/spotted a gap in the magazine market that needs to be filled? * What does it take to find a market gap and fill it?

something that is provided to a customer without payment //// House wine is a giveaway at only £1.50. * To claim our fantastic freebie you need TWO differently-numbered tokens. * a freebie drink/holiday/lunch, etc.

(to create) a set of people or things that are considered as a unit because they are similar in some way //// 60% of the population here are in the middle-income group. * Our customers have been grouped according to age/into age groups. * an ethnic/income group * a focus/target group * to group people/things together

a large sign used for advertising //// I would pay to post a billboard on a highway in some states. * an advertising hoarding

all of the people who live under one roof and who make joint financial decisions or are subject to others making decisions for them //// There are now on average 2.5 people per household in the state. * the head of the household * a high/low/middle-income household * a one-parent/single-income household * a household name/word (= a person or thing that is very well known)

(to make) an attempt to make people think something is good or important by talking about it a lot in the media //// Some experts are concerned that the new drug won't live up to all the hype around/surrounding the product launch. * The director is just using the controversy to hype his film. * a marketing/media hype

a situation in which there is little or no competition in a market //// In markets with imperfect competition, such as the energy sector, market mechanisms alone do not always fully ensure consumers' best interests.

(to make available) a good or service brought into one country from another //// The authorities imposed a ban on imports of hormone-treated beef. * We can undercut prices by importing cars from/into the EU. * cheap/expensive/imports * direct/parallel import * a growth/increase/decline in imports

the division of national income among households, social classes, or factors of production //// Inequality in income distribution has increased in the region and poverty has become more widespread. * fair/unequal income distribution

the decision by an individual of what to do or not to do //// We need to revise the standards and provisions in public service delivery to allow and encourage more individual choice and independence.

a type of good for which demand declines as income or GDP increases //// The question whether beer is a normal or an inferior good is a heavily disputed issue within economics and health research.

the rate at which the level of prices for commodities is rising, and purchasing power is falling //// The annual rate of inflation fell/rose to 0.1%. * Inflation is currently running at over 16%. * a high/low rate of inflation * an inflation rate of 3% * rapid/runaway/galloping inflation * to bring down/reduce inflation * to control/curb inflation

a long commercial that contains a lot of information and feels like a normal TV programme //// A triumph of marketing over talent, American Idol may be the world's most expensive infomercial.

(the use of) a new idea, method or invention //// We must encourage innovation if the company is to remain competitive. * recent innovations in