2S_Englisch Vocabulary - Economics/Marketing

a business that provides a particular service for other businesses or organizations //// She was asked to join the agency as one of the first agents in the company's newly opened New York City office. * an advertising/rating/publicity agency

a person who acts for or manages the affairs of other people in business //// Please contact the agents and distributors. * a press agent * to sell as sole agent

The sum or total of multiple items //// The administration has asked industry to submit ideas for what tools and services the agency can use to aggregate and report information on travel.

an increase in the value of an asset over time //// After three straight months of annual home value appreciation above five percent, the market recovery has proven it is on very sound footing.

economic self-sufficiency or independence //// The government has rightly made energy autarky its basic plank for economic growth and development.

economic policies and programs that are designed to offset fluctuations in a nation's economic activity. //// In the event that risks to the economy materialize, allowing the automatic stabilizers to operate would be the first line of defence.

a record of all transactions made between one particular country and all other countries during a specified period of time. //// The surplus in the country’s balance of payments was 30.1 billion last year, the Monetary Authority said. *negative balance of payments

the difference between the money that a country receives from exports and that it spends on imports //// The long-run picture of the UK's export performance is still one of a decline in the balance of trade in goods was blamed by many economists on a high pound.

the amount of money equal to a percentage of the total deposits that banks must have available for customers to take out //// A credit crunch will destabilize all four BRIC economies, forcing them to devote their large central bank reserves to domestic needs.

a situation when many people take their money out of a bank because they are afraid the bank will lose it or go out of business //// Banks remained closed during the ten days between the first and second Eurogroup meetings to prevent a bank run.

the existence of high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business //// The challenge is that barriers to entry in this industry are low. The most fundamental risk is not being able to attract good people.

the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services of equivalent value //// The Pakistani government is trying to barter wheat for electricity with Iran.

the way people act or react in a particular situation //// Most marketing efforts aim to influence consumer/human/social behaviour. * a pattern of behaviour/behaviour pattern * to change/modify one’s behaviour

a debt investment in which an investor loans money to a company or a government for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rate //// The Chinese technology company issued the largest-ever convertible bond raising $550 million.

a type of product made by a particular company with a particular name //// Children are becoming more and more brand-aware because of advertising. * a brand image/name * brand loyalty/recognition * a generic/own/store brand * to brand a product/service

the practice of giving a company a particular design or symbol in order to become well-known //// The successful branding and marketing of the new beer has already boosted sales and increased profits. * a branding exercise

an estimation of the revenue and expenses over a future period of time //// The commission approved the budget which cut the Parks and Recreation Department by $1.5 million.

a period during which an economy moves from growth to recession and back to growth //// During inevitable downturns in the business cycle, CSR programs are easy targets for cost savings. *business cycle peak; *business cycle trough

a large office where people are employed to provide information to customers or advertise products by phone //// This call centre receives over 5,000 calls a day. * to work at/in a call centre

a series of planned activities that try to achieve a particular result //// The campaign boosted sales of the jeans by 200 %. * an advertising/marketing/ publicity/sales campaign * to conduct/launch/run a campaign

the movement of money for investment, trade or business production //// The currency markets are subject to decent capital flows from emerging currencies to safe havens. *net capital inflow

money and property that an individual or company owns //// The credit company is looking to increase its cash position and has a goal of raising capital. *human capital; *physical capital

an organization created from a formal agreement between a group of producers to regulate supply in order to regulate or manipulate prices //// The governor stated that rubber prices in her province are not controlled by any cartel or monopoly.

a complete list of items that people can look at, use or buy //// Our catalogue comes in two versions. * an illustrated/mail-order/online catalogue * to consult a catalogue

the organization responsible for overseeing the monetary system for a nation (or group of nations //// The central bank has said that it will inject 80bn into the country's banking system by buying long-term government bonds.

to agree or cooperate secretly for an illegal purpose //// Airline consolidation has already created an oligopoly that allows major competitors to routinely collude on pricing and policies.

an agreement between rivals that attempts to disrupt the market's equilibrium //// Penguin was the final publishing company to reach a settlement in the investigation of e-book price collusion. *tacit collusion

a financial institution that provides normal services, such as accepting deposits, giving loans, mortgage lending, and basic investment products such as savings accounts //// It’s portfolio of loans and other assets would rank it as the country's fifth-largest commercial bank

an advertisement on the radio or TV //// They had enough funding to run a commercial on TV. * to see/show a commercial * a commercial break

a substance or a good that can be traded in large quantities //// Prices shot up, driven by rising commodity prices from global demand, low interest rates and high auction prices

a currency which is issued based on the value of a physical commodity //// Most metals and gas prices have slipped so expect to see some pressure on the commodity backed currencies as well.

a resource, such as water or pasture //// There is a natural tendency for each fishing country to try to take as much as it can from the common resource.

an advantage a country has over another country because a particular type of product can be produced more efficiently //// Natural gas prices have created a comparative advantage for the country’s manufacturers.

to try to be more successful than someone or something else in business //// The stores have to compete for customers in the Christmas season. * Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract. * a competing product/firm * to compete with/against