Water Economics
Jaha
Jaha
Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 312 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Economie politique |
| Niveau | Université |
| Crée / Actualisé | 04.07.2025 / 04.07.2025 |
| Lien de web |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20250704_water_economics
|
| Intégrer |
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All water on Earth—in air, ground, and oceans—as ice, liquid, or gas.
Water movement: condensation → precipitation → infiltration → runoff → evaporation.
Blue, green, white, grey, black.
Most goes into soil (green); some to rivers/oceans (blue); little is used by people.
It's 99% of liquid freshwater; key for drinking and farming.
Underground, widespread, slow-moving, and invisible.
Water levels drop, especially in growing areas.
Water taken from nature for use.
Water permanently lost (e.g., by evaporation).
Rising with population; slowed in rich countries, rising in poorer ones.
China, India, USA—due to large populations.
Mostly agriculture, then industry and domestic.
Non-consumptive (e.g., transport) and consumptive (e.g., irrigation).
Homes, farms, power, mining, industry.
Total welfare drops (deadweight loss).
Use water efficiently.
No—often monopolies, unclear rights, and external effects.
Suppliers: public/ private. Users: farms, industries, homes.
Infrastructure, maintenance, treatment, admin.
Total cost to supply water.
Cost of one extra unit of water.
The MC curve.
Water demand depends on price; use water until MC = price.
Use water until satisfaction = cost.
Sum of marginal utilities from all users.
Save water, manage use, fund systems.
$1/m³ in Asia/LatAm, less than $0.15/m³ in Africa.
Connection, flat, uniform, block (increasing/ decreasing), mixed.
Easy to budget, but no reason to save.
Uniform: simple; non-uniform: encourages saving.
Increasing: save water. Decreasing: favors heavy users.
Fixed fee plus usage-based fee.
A set of activities with clear goals, time, and budget.
Dams, irrigation, pipelines, aquaculture.
Identify → Prepare → Assess → Approve → Implement → Monitor.
Compare costs and benefits to choose best option.
The Three Gorges Dam in China with 22.5 GW capacity, powering 70–80 million homes, costing about $75 billion.
Most ocean energy today comes from tidal barrages.
Wave energy and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) have the largest future potential.
Tidal plants use barrages in ocean bays with big tides to convert tidal energy into electricity using turbines.
