032 Performance
Performance
Performance
Kartei Details
| Karten | 40 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | Deutsch |
| Kategorie | Verkehrskunde |
| Stufe | Andere |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 18.08.2022 / 29.08.2022 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20220818_032_performance
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| Einbinden |
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Which aircraft variables affect performance?
- Weight
- Power setting
- Cond. of the aircraft / motor
- Configuration (Aerodynamics), i.e. flaps
- Tire pressure
Which RWY variables affect performance?
- Grass- / concrete surface
- Dry / wet
- Snow / ice
- Slope
Which surrounding (atmospheric) variables affect performance?
- Altitude
- Wind
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Density
- Humidity
Which pilot variables affect performance?
- Constitution
- Experience
What is the distance between brake release and lift off called?
Take-Off ground Roll (TOR) aka take-off roll aka ground roll aka ground roll distance
What is the distance between brake release and the point, where we reach 50 ft GND (screen height)?
Take Off Distance (TOD)
With which speed must the screen height be overflown?
speed not less than 1.20 Vs1
FAR 23 operation requires which screen height?
50 ft above the ground
FAR 25 commercial ops requires which screen height with dry RWY?
screen height 35 ft with dry RWY
FAR 25 commercial ops requires which screen height with wet RWY / one engine out?
screen height 15 ft with wet RWY / one engine out
What is the distance between brake release and RWY-end called?
Take-Off Roll Available (TORA)
What is the distance from brake release to engine failure speed (V1) and to a full stop called?
Accelerate Stop Distance (ASD)
What is a stopway?
At the end of the RWY, able to support the aeroplane weight during an aborted Take-Off without causing structural damage to the aircraft. Used for deceleration during an aborted Take-Off.
What is a clearway?
Area beyond the RWY. Must bot be able to support the aeroplane during an aborted T/O.
Is only an obstacle free area and can also be over water. The length is limited to half the TORA.
What is an easy rule of thumb to cross-check your aircraft is acceleration and if necessary have defined point to abort your take-off?
At 50% of the RWY, 70% of the take-off speed must be reached otherwise take-off shall be aborted
According CAP 698, which correction factors on Take-Off Distance apply for grass runways with grass up to 20 cm length? (dry and wet)
Dry grass: multiply with factor 1.2
Wet grass: multiply with factor 1.3
What is considered a damp runway?
Dampness on RWY does not appear shiny
When is a runway considered wet and which correction factors apply?
Water on surface has a reflective appearance. Multiply dry runway data x1.15
When is a runway considered contaminated?
If more than 25% of the surface is covered with:
- More than 3mm water
- Or slush, loose snow, etc. (equivalent to 3 mm of water)
- Compressed snow
- Ice
Name the 3 different types of hydroplaning?
- Dynamic: Flooded runway
- Viscous: Thin layer of moisture or water
- Rubber reversion:
For each percent of runway upslope, increase the TOD by which percentage?
5% for each increase in 1% of slope.
What is the speed for best angle of climb called?
Vx
On what does Vx depend?
Excess thrust (the difference between thrust and drag)
What is the speed for best rate of climb called?
Vy
How does using the flaps affect excess thrust?
It increases drag and thus reduces excess thrust
On what does Vy depend on?
Excess power. Vy is a function of PWR surplus and weight.
What is larger Vx or Vy?
Vy
List parameters affecting climb performance?
- Mass
- LF
- Centre of Gravity
- Configuration
- Density Altitude
- Airspeed Selection
- Wind
What is the definition of absolute ceiling?
Altitude where ROC is zero
What is the definition for service ceiling?
- ROC min 100 fpm for prop aircraft
- ROC min 500 fpm for jet aircraft
What is the difference between endurance vs. range?
Endurance:
- Time to fly with a certain amount of fuel
Range:
- Still air distance with a certain amount of fuel
How does higher mass affect endurance and range?
IAS / TAS / Drag / FF increase -> Endurance and range decrease
How does aircraft configuration affect endurance and range?
Drag and FF increase, endurance and range decrease.
How does wind affect endurance and range?
Wind has no effect on endurance and range, but it has an effect on range over ground:
- TW will increase SRG and GS
- HW will decrease SRG and GS
How is landing distance defined?
Distance over a 50 ft obstacle + landing roll.
How is landing roll defined?
Touchdown to full stop
With which speed shall a 50 ft obstacle be overflown in landing configuration?
1.3 Vs
How does a grass runway (up to 20 cm) affect landing distance?
- Dry grass up to 20 cm: Paved value multiplied by factor 1.15
- Wet grass up to 20 cm: Dry grass value multiplied by factor 1.15
Which parameters affect landing performance?
- Mass
- Configuration
- Wind
- Density Altitude
- Icing conditions
- RWY slope
- RWY surface
Which are the hazards turing base to final?
- low alt when turining final
- low speed in final approach
- Vs in turn is increasing with bank angle
- tighter turn if overrun the RWY centerline
- wind or turbulence on final
- Other traffic / distraction
- abrupt control inputs
