Flying and planning IFR/VFR

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Karten	73
Sprache	English
Kategorie	Berufskunde
Stufe	Berufslehre
Erstellt / Aktualisiert	17.03.2022 / 14.09.2023
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Destination alternate airport(IFR)

Visibility 5km, ceiling 2000ft

Visibility 1,5km, ceiling 1000ft

If at ETA -1/+1h weather is below PLANNING minima, two alternate airports are required.

If at ETA -1/+1h weather is below OPERATING minima, two alternate airports are required.

TÄMÄ KYSYMYS PUUTTEELLINEN. LISÄTIETOJA KAIVATAAN.

Take-off visibility minima(IFR)

800m if no take-off alternate

400m if centerline/edge lights

500 with take-off alternate

TARKENNUSTA TARVITAAN

Initiating approach at 1200ft AGL while the weather is below operating minima.(IFR)

You can continue until minimums.

This kind of action is forbidden.

Initiating approach at 900ft AGL while the weather is below operating minima.(IFR)

You can continue until minimums.

This kind of action is forbidden.

Initiating approach RVR CAT1(ILS)

800m without autopilot.

600m with autopilot but without centerline lights.

550m with centerline lights and autopilot.

700m with autopilot but without centerline lights.

200m with centerline lights and autopilot.

Initiating approach RVR RNP

800m without autopilot.

600m with autopilot and centerline lights but without head up display.

550m with autopilot, centerline lights and autopilot.

600m with centerline lights

400m with autopilot, centerline lights and autopilot.

Initiating approach RVR NPA(2D)

800m with Continuous Descent Final Approach

1000m without Continuous Descent Final Approach

800m without Continuous Descent Final Approach

1000m with Continuous Descent Final Approach

Initiating approach RVR Visual

800m

600m

550m

400m

1000m if you are handsome Patria pilot

Planning minima for destination alternate aerodrome(s): Type B DA/H < 250 ft

DA/H + 200ft

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H or MDA/H+ 400ft

RVR/VIS + 1500 m

Ceiling shall be at or above MDH + 200 ft

What defines „icing conditions“?

Visually detected ice

Visible moisture and OAT +5°C or below

Visible moisture and OAT +10°C or below

How to detect possible freezing rain or freezing drizzle conditions?

Visible rain in OAT below +5°C

Droplets that splash on impact in OAT below +5°C

Performance loss larger than normally experienced in icing conditions

How to detect freezing rain or freezing drizzle ?

Unusually extensive ice where normally not observed

Ice on upper surface of wing aft of protected area

Ice on spinner further back than normally observed and on side window areas

Take-off alternate

2 engines: 1 hour flight time with OEI

3 – 4 engines: 2 hours flight time with OEI

2 hours flight time with OEI

1 hour flight time with OEI

Approach criteria (Precision or NPA)

NON-PRECISION: Threshold RVR >750m

MINIMUM Visual approach minima RVR = 800m

Avoiding thunder storms

Avoid by 10 nm when below 20,000 ft

Avoid by 20 nm when above 20,000 ft

Avoid by 10 nm when above 20,000 ft

Avoid by 20 nm when below 20,000 ft

Overfly by at least 5000ft

1Nm =

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

1.852km

1 Km =

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

1 Ft =

0.30m

3.28m

32.8m

Flight Planning(Jet Engine): Final Reserve Fuel

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

Final Reserve Fuel (Jet engine)

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

Planning minima for destination alternate aerodrome(s): Type A (M)DA/H >= 250 ft or Circling

DA/H or MDA/H + 400ft

RVR/VIS + 1500 m

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

Planning minima for destination aerodrome(-1h/+1h weather conditions above applicable minima)

RVR / visibility (VIS) at or above the applicable operating minima

For an NPA or a circling operation, th ceiling at or above MDH

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

Obstacle clearance (Class B)

Minimum 50ft clearance

AEO Climb Gradient is factored by 0.77

Above a cloud base, use OEI CG

AEO Climb Gradient Requirements(Class B)

4% at Screen Height

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

OEI Climb Gradient Requirements(Class B)

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

4% at Screen Height

Landing regulatory factors(Class B)

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.43

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.67

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.3

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.23

Landing speed requirements (Class B)

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS1

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

Take-Off Regulatory Factors(Class B)

TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.25(no stopway/clearway)

TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1(with stopway/clearway)

ASDR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.3(with stopway/clearway)

TODR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.15(with stopway/clearway)

FLLTOM calculated using the shortest of these distances

Vref – Speed at 50ft (Screen Height)

1.3 VS0 (Class B)

1.23 VSR0 (Class A)

1.23 VSR0 (Class B)

1.3 VS0 (Class A)

Aircrew

Rest period: 10hours(away)/12hours(home)

1 cabin crew member for 50 passengers

At least 1 cabin crew required for planes >19 seats & when carrying one or more passengers

Rest period: 12hours(away)/10hours(home)

(FDP) flight duty period

Basic maximum can be extended by max 1 hour. Max. 2 extensions in 7 consecutive days

Unforeseen circumstances by 3 hours

60 hours in 7 days / 110 hours in 14 days / 190 hours in 28 days

100 hours in 28 days / 900 hours in a calendar year / 1000 hours in 12 months(flight time)

Night duty: 0200 – 0459 in time zone crew is acclimatized

Supplemental oxygen for non-pressurized aircraft

Pilots/flight deck crew on duty shall be supplied with oxygen at all times above 10000ft

Cabin crew shall be supplied with oxygen if period exceeding 30 min above 10000 but not exceeding 13000ft, and entire flight above 13000ft

10% of passengers between 10000-13000ft (Some passengers)

100% of passengers above 13000ft (10000-13000ft 30 min rule does not apply here as with cabin crew)

Supplemental oxygen for pressurized aircraft

Crew (flight crew & cabin crew): 10000-13000ft oxygen is needed if period is exceeding 30 min, above 13000ft is needed immediately

Pilots: Up to 25000 ft for 30 mins, over 25000 ft it should be enough for 2 hours

Above 41000ft: At least 1 crew member must wear oxygen

10% of the passengers between 10000-14000ft after the first 30 min

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Flying and planning IFR/VFR

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