Cambridge CSR

Leadership Context

• External
• Internal

Individual Leader

• Traits
• Styles
• Skills
• Knowledge

Leadership Actions

• Internal (informed decisions, strategic direction, mgt incentives, accountability, empowerment...)
• External (partnerships, S products, S awareness, Stakeholder transparency)

A sustainability leader is someone who inspires and supports action towards a better world

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Education and Climate change

It's growht without stealing from the future generations.  

Integrating social, E and economic performance. 

1750s England.. James watt

1.7x , project 2x in 2030

The planetary boundaries concept presents a set of nine planetary boundaries within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come (to remain in holoscene era, but 3 large have evidence of alone being tipping point, other 6 contribute to or accumulate together as tipping point): Climate system, ocean acidification, stratospheric ozone layer).  Transgressing these boundaries could generate abrupt and irreversible E changes (from Holocene to anthropozene state).

Climate change

Novel entities

Stratospheric Ozone depletion

Atmospheric aerosol loading

Ocean acidification

Biochemical flows

Freshwater use

Land-system change

Biosphere integrity.

Earth entered into new epoch, how earth functions, based on human activity a/o rapid acceleration in human development. Probably around 1950s

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age of humans

Earth is full. Not possible, infinite growth on a finite planet. Not possible to grow further. The system will crash. When? it is already happening. Human only react when there is a crisis. We need to end denial. We cannot provide 9bn people by 2050 with living. Debt fuelled economy will not "gently" grow, but we are going full speed ahead.  

Population growth (ME and North Africa) + Living longer = + 2bn people. Different dynamics, but more people to be employed and generally fewer jobs (automation and computer). How are people going to be employed: Formal or informal employment. We also need to produce more food in next 40 yrs than has been produced over last 8000 years. 

Climate change (immediate impact) and Sea level rise (+1m by end of 2000). Climate change has great impact on food production (very energy intensive). 

How to wean off fossil fuels? 

• technical no problem
• political a problem, as still huge reserves (coal) 

Market forces can produce great outcomes, but there will be winners and losers. 

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7.633 bn, India 1.354 and China 1.415

25. CH is 247, India is 450, Bangladesh in 1265

around 108 billion

1962/63. Not growing therefore exponentially, as declining growth rate. 

Annual population growth peaked with +90 million p.a. in 1980s but is now decreasing around 1 million p.a.

today 60% live in asia, it was 68% 200 years ago

1. China (1.43 bn)

2. India (1.37bn) (will be 1. in a decade)

3. US (329 million)

4. Indonesia (270 million)

5. Brazil (211 million)

6. Nigeria (195 million)

Sub saharan growht rates at more than 3%!!!In 1950 there were 2.5 billion people on the planet. Now in 2019, there are 7.7 billion. By the end of the century the UN expects a global population of 11.2 billion

Stage 1: High BR, High MR = stable or slow increase

Stage 2: High BR, falling MR = Rapid increase

Stage 3: Falling BR, falls more slowly MR = Increase slows down

Stage 4: Low/Low = falling and then stable

Stage 4: BR?, MR low = little change

One of the major drivers of economic growth is increasing population size. This is because more people equate to more workers to employ to produce goods and services, and more consumers also results in greater demand for goods and services. 

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) account for almost 65 percent of global energy generation (IEA, 2019)

Although 70 percent of Earth’s surface is covered by water, only 2.5 percent of that water is freshwater, with the remainder being saline and ocean-based. Additionally, as Figure 5 illustrates, only a very small percentage of total water (approximately 1 percent) is easily accessible and suitable for human consumption. The rest of the freshwater is difficult to obtain, as it is often trapped in glaciers and snowfields (Freshwater crisis, 2016). 

Countries do not consume resources at an equal rate; higher income countries use more resources than low income countries due to the high-consumption lifestyles that are prevalent in wealthier countries. Globally, the richest 20 percent of the population consumes close to 75.6 percent of all resources, with the poorest 20 percent consuming a mere 1.5 percent of all global resources (Juniper, 2016). 

As developing countries experience greater levels of economic growth, this will inevitably lead to similar increases in consumption patterns within those countries. 

1. Financial capital
    
2. Manufactured capital (Produktionsmittel, nicht aber Gebäude etc.)
    
3. Social capital (members can add to organizations in boh private and public sectors)
    
4. Human capital 
    
5. Natural capital 

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1. Climate change

2. Declining natural ecosystems and biodiversity

The main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and water vapour (IPCC, 2014).

Radiative forcing: A measure of the retention of heat in the atmosphere, which is the driver of climate change. Simply put, radiative forcing (RF) is incoming energy from the sun minus outgoing energy, measured in units

40%

Biodiversity changes – the observed and the projected:

• Overall decline of 60 percent in the population sizes of vertebrates between 1970 and 2014 (WWF, 2018).

• Between 1970 and 2010, Earth lost 52 percent of its biodiversity (Andrews, 2014).

• Latin America’s biodiversity decreased by 83 percent between 1970 and 2010, with other tropical regions experiencing a 56 percent decline (Andrews, 2014).

• The current extinction rate, induced by human activities, is between 100 to 1,000 times higher than the background extinction rate – the species extinction rate that would occur if human activities did not interfere with other species (De Vos, Joppa, Gittleman, Stephens & Pimm, 2014).

• Since 1970, approximately 76 percent of freshwater wildlife and 39 percent of marine wildlife has been lost (Andrews, 2014).

• Over 29 percent of global fish stocks are currently overfished and an additional 61 percent are fully exploited (WWF, 2015).

• Approximately 50 percent of global corals and one third of seagrasses have become extinct (WWF, 2015).

• Climate change has contributed to biodiversity loss in a substantial manner. In 2014, climate change was responsible for 7.1 percent of animal population declines (Andrews, 2014).

• Fresh water from rivers and lakes for drinking, cooking, and washing; 

• Dietary protein from aquatic species; 

• Trees and plants for biofuel and shelter; and 

• Fertile soil for planting crops. 

Growth not possible with finite resources. So need to overcome focus on growth with new social, economic and political innovations. She propagates no central economies but distributed networks (linked). Against corporate control over intellectual property with open-ended systems.  Get away from deeply rooted psychological word of growth. Regenerative and distributive designs (avoid concentration).  She has donut model. But my comment, who sets the boundaries. Global GDP today 10x larger than 1950.

future fit