Navigation
Tu Dresden 2021
Tu Dresden 2021
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 108 |
|---|---|
| Language | Deutsch |
| Category | Technology |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 08.02.2021 / 12.02.2021 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20210208_navigation
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Non Directional Beacon-NDB on board components
AM receiver
sense antenna
loop antenna (directional antenna)
indicator
on-board power supply
the automatic from ADF comes from the fact hat the directional antenna is rotated electronically rather than manually by rotating the antenna or turning the aircraft to make signal strength determinations
benötigt mehrer antennen um die richtung und das radial zu finden
NDB application
übersicht ndb
übersicht ndb
6°
NDB shoreline and terrain effect
NDB Twilight effect
Non Directional Beacon -NDB
quadrantalerror
diperror:
VOR general
the VHF Omni Directional Radio Range (VOR) provides aircraft with azimuth information from0°-360°as the angle between the aircraft and the magnetic north direction
frequency range: 108.00 -117.95 MHz
VHF radio waves are less susceptible to interference than long or medium waves, resulting in higher positioning accuracy
3-3,5°
VOR Ground station
two signals are emitted:
reference signal whose phase change is independent of the location of the receiver.
signal with azimuth-dependent (location-dependent) phase position
VOR type of ground station rf carrier
A0/A2
A0/A2/A3 = A9
VOR working principle
Doppler VOR
wird z.b im gebirge genutzt
what is a VOR radial
is the set of points in the radiation field of a VOR at which one and the same difference between the phase of the 30 Hz frequency modulation as the reference phase and the 30 Hz amplitude modulation as the direction-dependent phase is measured
application VOR
depiction of navigational information as well as position determination and waypoint definition with VOR
application and flight procedures:
ATS-route radio beacons within the route structure
initial Approach Fix (IAF) for instrument approaches
approach beacon/terminal VOR (TVOR) for non-precision approaches (NPA)
holding Fix radio beacon
test-VOR (VOT) for determination of the device accuracy in the aircraft
VOR QDM vs QDR display
DME general
Distance Measuring Equipment –DME
Determination of the slant range
formel nicht auswendig, aber auf einheiten achten
wiviele dme benötigt man zu positions bestimmung
3
DME - Operating principle of the interrogation
DME underload and overload
underload:
dme arbeitet trotzdem mit mindest cyclus menge und sendet "shadow" nachrichten
overlaod:
ca maximum 200 a/c
dme range depends on
DME search mode vs normal mode
Karten darstellung DME
DME application
genauigkeit 450 m or 0,25 %
ILS general
ILS working principle
hus, the LLZ antenna system radiates a narrowand a widedirectional characteristic as amplitude modulation:
CRS –Course antenna: narrow characteristic = landing course
010°(f = f0–4,75 kHz)
CLR -Clearance antenna: wide characteristic = landing course
035°(f = f0+ 4,75 kHz)
to determine the landing course, the difference in depth of modulation (DDM) is measured in the on-board receiver: (Difference in Depth of Modulation –DDM)
ILS components ground facilities
bild marker position, es ist festgehalten, auf welcher höhe man beim marker sein sollte
ILD course accuracy
display of ILS
untere bild -> GS rechts und loc unten mitte
ILS shematische darstellung
ILS GS working principle
was sind die ILS CAT - wichtig
CAT - categories
je nach wetter lage und sichverhältnise unterschiedliche entscheidungshöhen
unway Visual Range (RVR)
DH - Decision height
categories 1 -> 3 nimmt die sicht massiv ab RVR sowie das wolken ceilinh hängt tiefer
-> "the ILS operating categories (CAT) are defined by minimum values for Runway Visual Range (RVR) and Ceiling (Hauptwolken untergrenze)"
hauptwolken unterghrenze ist wichtig in prüfung !!!!
what das dead rechoning mean
koppelnavigation
Base idea of INS IRS
Principles of Measurement INS IRS
interual navigation system
stable platform system
strapdownsystem
stable platform system - inertial navigation system (INS) with gyroscopic stabilized platform (aircraft uses four frames structure) - mechanische kreisel
strapdownsystem - Here, accelerometer and sensors for turn rates are firmly mounted on the aircraft, hence the measurement axes coincide with the three aircraft axes →frame platform no longer needed - lichttechnik
Aufbau INS
richtet sich automatisch hoizontal zur erdoberfläche aus
INS erdbeschnleunigung problem
-> erdbeschleunigung ist überall anders
StrapdownSystems sensors
funktionsprinzip fiber optik gyroscope
Ring Laser Gyroscope (Laser Interferometer)
