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Module Group 3

MG3

MG3

343
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Kartei Details

Karten 343
Sprache English
Kategorie Medizin
Stufe Universität
Erstellt / Aktualisiert 07.12.2020 / 15.01.2021
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What feature of an orthosis for a patient with a fixed equinus deformity is intended to re-esablish normal heel contact?

A heel build-up

How does a moulded insole reduce the excessive plantar pressure encompassed by a patient with a fixed varus deformity?

Redistributing the load on the foot across the entire plantar surface
What orthotic measures are used to compensate for the loss of dynamic subtalar function?

No effective orthotic measures exit.

Describe two alternative features of orthoses which act directly to resist foot valgus due to instability

A moulded arch support and AFO

What is the principal functional limitation resulting from claw toes.

Absence of the final element of push-off

Collar

provide only limited control over the motion of the cervical spine, provide only limited support for the head, may act to remind the wearer to self-restricti motion, help to keep the neck warm, may provide psychological comfort to the wearer, are easy to fabricate at a low cost.
What is the main difference between a yale and a philadelphia collar orthosis?

Yale has moulded posterior and anterior thoracic extensions

What is the relationship between the restraining force provided by a soft collar cervical orthosis and the deformation of the material of the collar?

The restraining force is directly proportional to the deformation of the collar material, so that as the deformation increases so dies the restraining force.

To what extent does a poster-type orthosis with four posts restrict lateral bending of the cervical spine?

The contours of the mandible and occipital pads of a four-poster orthosis allow a small amount of lateral bending to occur, but the posts and the shoulder straps on the bending side prevent further bending.

Which type of COs/CTOs stabilise the cervical spine to the greatest extent?

The Halo/Minerva-type
Name two disorders for which dynamic spinal orthoses are amployed?

Idiopathic scoliosis and adolescent kyphosis

In which plane must three-oint loading be applied to correct a kyphotic deformity?

sagittal plane

What part(s) of a Milwaukee TLSO provide(s) end-point control?

The framework, consisting of the uprights, pevic girdle and cervical ring

What type of deformity does a Scheuermann's TLSO correct?

Kyphotoc deformity
After what type of surgery may postural functional spinal orthoses be used?

Thoracic and lumbar sine surgery

List the general objectives of postural functional orthoses

Reduce deformity and to prevent pain

Name an orthosis that is well-established in the treatment of thoracic kyphosis

Jones TLSO

What is the effect of a lumbar spine orthosis on the activity of the back muscles?

Variable. In some tasks the muscle activity is increased compared to that found without an orthosis, while for other tasks the muscle activity is decreased.
What is the specific objective in the post-operative or post-traumatic application of postural static orthoses?

Prevent movement

Which principle is utilised in moulded TLSOs to ensure that loads are distributed widely

Total contact

Which lung volume has been found to be reduced in subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy when wearing postural static orthoses?

Vital cpacity

Who would be in a wheelchair service team=

Clinician, Therapist, Rehabilitation engineer, clerical support staff, administrative staff
What is the main diagnosis for a wheelchair being prescribed?

Neurological defictit (51%)

Which three factors are important in creating a favourable environment for a wheelchair assessment clinic?

A designated clinic area in comfortable, quit surroundings; Examples of wheelchairs on view and for trial; the presence of a carer/relative

What is the maximum weight limit of many standard wheelchairs?

100kg

What are the essential measurements needed to select a wheelchair?

Hip, thigh, shank, back height, arm rest height

In order to allow for comfort what alterations to the essential measurements are required?

hip+4cm; thigh -2cm

What size of wheel is often found to be appropriate for a self-propelling chair?

61 cm (24 inches)

When is an electrically propelled wheelchair considered?

When the wheelchair user cannot self-propel

Why would a domiciliary visit be considered prior to the wheelchair being issued?

To assess the home environment for suitability of the wheelchair, to allow the patient to build confidence using the wheelchair in their own environment, to allow the team to assess the local geography, to allow practive for patient and carer for use of hte wheelchair in getting it in and out of a car, to ensure that if it is an electric chair that the saftey features of the chair are understood and that the chair can cope with the local geography.

In what circumstances could a wheelchair tip forward when the user gets in and out of a chair?

when the brakes are not applied appropriately

In what circumstances will users require a follow up after the wheelchair has been delivered?

Children whose needs are continually changing, patients whose medical condition may change, patients who at the clinic are deemed to reuire it.

What is the main function of a wheelchair?

provide mobility

What are the three main categories of wheelchair?

occupant propelled, attendant propelled, powered

Wha are "cambered" driving wheels fitted to some wheelchairs?

To bring the drive wheels closer in to the occupant

Why do some wheelchairs have adjustable driving wheel positions?

So that the wheel position can be optimised for the individual users propelling ability.

What is the most efficient design of manual wheelchair propulsion system for operation by arms?

Lever or crank

How are most powered wheelchairs steered?

By control mechanism (joystick) that feeds power differentials to the driving wheels

What is the main design characteristic that limits obstacle climbing?

The front wheel radius

In terms of stability is it better to have a large or a small wheelbase

Large

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