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Module Group 3

MG3

MG3

343
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Kartei Details

Karten 343
Sprache English
Kategorie Medizin
Stufe Universität
Erstellt / Aktualisiert 07.12.2020 / 15.01.2021
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What is the minimum number of forces required to control the moment about a joint=

Three

What is the minimum number of forces required to control the normal force acting upon a joint?

Four
In what manner would it be necessary to move the line of action of the ground reaction force to achieve a reduction in the external moment at a joint

Towards the axis of rotation of the joint

Components of an orthosis

Interface components, joints, structural components, cosmetic components

What are the three principal extrinsic factors which affect tissue response to ist enviroment?

pressure, shear, interface micro-environment

Specify three intrinsic risk factors associated with the development of pressure sores

reduced sensation, diminished attention, paralysis, diminished tissue turgor, failed vasomotor reflexes, peripheral vascular disease, malnutrition, systemic disease
What are the five principal considerations in achieving optimal conditions at the patient-orthosis interface?

maximum contact area, contour to body shape, maximum lever arm, minimum applied force, ensure good fit

List the four types of joint control which current designs of orthotic joint permit

Free, limit range, lock, assist/resist

What are the desirable properties of materials used in the structural components of an orthosis?

Stiff, easily shaped, light, inexpensive

How is it possible to adjust a moulded plastic ankle-foot piece to reduce the resistance to joint motion which it provides?

Reducing cross section by trimming
What will be the most obvious characteristics of the swing phase of a patient with total absence of dorsiflexion?

Increased hip and knee flexion and foot plantarflexed (drop foot)

How should the ankle position of an AFO be altered so that it will provide enhanced knee stability?

Plantarflex foot

Specify the position of the controlling forces and the type of orthotic joint which should be incorporated in an AFO prescribed for a child with increased tone in the plantarflexor muscles.

Forces posteriorly on calf and plantar surface of forefoot anteriorly on dorsum over ankle, orthotic ankle joint which resists plantarflexion

What type of disorder most commonly results in a spastic equino-varus position of the foot and ankle

Stroke/CVA
Where are the proximal support areas located in an AFO designed to relieve pain in the ankle joint on weight bearing?

Patellar tendon and flares of tibial condyles

If a knee joint exhibits an adduction instability, how will the loading at the knee joint surfaces be affected?

Increased pressure on one or other condyles

Specify the position of the three forces which an orthosis will require to provide, to prevent a valgus collapse of the knee joint.

Laterally on thig proximally and shank distally, medially at level of knee joint

Specify the position of the four forces which an orthosis, prescribed to prevent anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur will require to provide.

anteriorly on the thig just above the knee joint, posteriorly on the thigh proximally, posteriorly on the shank just below the knee joint and anteriorly an the shank distally.
What postural adjustment might a patient with knee extensor weakness adopt to maintain knee stability when walking?

trunk bending

What is the indication for the use of a weight relieving design of KAFO for a patient with knee extensor weakness?

Flexion contracture of knee joint

What design of orthotic knee joint should be incorporated in a KAFO supplied to control genu recurvatum in a hemiplegic patient?

Free flexion, limit extension to 180° (straight)

What is the principal proximal support area in a KAFO supplied to provide weight relief?

ischio-gluteal region
What are the two principal pathological conditions for which HKAFOs are provided

Paraplegia resulting from spinal cord injury or spina bifida

What are the three categories of ambulation for paraplegic patients?

Swing through, swivel walking, reciprocal ambulation

Name the two most widely used systems for provision of reciprocal walking for paraplegic patients

Parawalker, reciprocal gait orthosis (RGO)

Upper limb orthisis classification

static orthoses, dynamic orthoses, combined static and dynamic orthoses

List the conditions for which an upper limb orthosis may be prescribed

Trauma: tendon/nerve/joint injuries, burns; following surgery; painful conditions; deformities

Name the three types of upper limb orthoses

static, dynamic, combined static and dynamic

What are the two main objectives in prescribing upper limb orthotics?

to reposition affected joints to a position of function; to maintain joint mobility

Name five factors which influence the prescription of an orthosis

Mobility, oedema, muscle atrophy, activ/passive movements of joints, sublucation/dislocation of joints

Why is the timing of application of an upper limb orthosis critical?

to early=risk of damage to the repaired structures; too late: adhesion formation may have been and may lead to conracture

Describe the appearance of a club-foot deformity

Hind foot pointing down and turned in (varus), mid-foot and forefoot supinated

What part of the nervous system does the poliomyelitis virus affect and what is the form of the resulting impairment?

The anterior horn cell of the spinal cord and results in motor paralysis

What are the two principal features of joints affected by osteoarthitis?

Pain and deformity

What are the twin objectives of the orthotic treatment of deformity of the foot and ankle?

Accomodate the deformity to obtain acceptable plantar pressure distribution and compensate for loss of joint function.

How in general do foot orthosies eliminate abnormal plantar pressure distribution on weight-bearing experienced by patients with ankle/foot deformities?

By moulding the orthoses to the plantar surface of the foot.

What are the twin objectives of the orthotic treatment of instability of the foot and ankle?

Prevent unwanted joint movement and compensate for loss of joint function.

How in general do foot orthoses eliminate abnormal plantar pressure distribution on weight-bearing experienced by patients with ankle/foot instability?

Preventing inappropriate changes of shape or position when loaded.

List the three mechanical factors which may contribute to tissue breakdown in patients with a condition which results in foot insensitivity

Absolute tissue pressure values, absolute tissue shear stress vaues, rate and duration of loading

What feature of a foot orthosis is used to reduce tissue shearing?

Raducing metatarsophalangeal joint extension during push off by sole stiffening

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