Module Group 3

Constant friction; extension assist; hydraulic or pneumatic system

Must provide stability during the stance phase and contrilled movement during the swing phase. Range of movement at hip and knee units are reduced due to the loss of all musculature

Anterior position of the hip joint; Hip extenstion bumper; Posterior alignment of the knee unit; Elastic control strap to assist hip and knee extenstion

By maintaining the pelvis in an upright alignment

Lengthening or shortening; Mediolateral shift; Anteroposterior shift; Mediolateral tilt; Anteroposterior tilt; Internal/external rotation

If a pyramid design of device is placed at the top and the bottom of a structural component tiliting one device in one direction and the other in the opposite direction it will achive a shift.

a) lateral shift of foot; b) Lateral lilt of foot

Static and Dynamic

Because the distal condyles of the skeleton of the stump need to be encompassed by the socket which is therefore rather bulky

Built up: Bony prominences and other sensitive tissues where relief from pressure is required Soft tissue areas and smooth bony surfaces where load bearing is to be encouraged.

Stump shape sensing; Mechanical digitising of a negative stump cast

A static test comrising a single application of a load correcsponding to the worst load generated during anticipated activity. A cycle stest to test the fatigue properties of the prosthesis comprising the repetitive application of a load corresponding to that generated during normal walking.

Congenital absence and amputation

The main objective of upper limb prosthetic treatment is to offer a prosthesis suitable for an indivicuals needs

Success with an upper limb prosthesis may be determined by: medical history, psychological make up, lifestyle, age, attitude of parents, support from multi-disciplinary clinical team

The important factors affecting the comfort of a prosthesis are: the comfort of the fit of the socker, including the prevention of excessive sweating, the security of attachment of the prosthesis

Some people with give up using a functional prosthesis as they find they can do most things using their sound limb.

Static cosmesis refers to the appearance when the prosthesis is not moving. Dynamic cosmesis when performing movements.

Use of residual body musculature with harness (cable)

Use of an external power source

Hyprid of body musculature and external power source

Body powered, external powered, hybrid powered, zero power/passive

The main limitation for using externally-powered prostheses is the length of liefe of the batteries.

Tlighter, less complex, more easily controlled, cheaper

The limitations on the control of the body-powered upper limb prostheses are: the use of the cable restricts the range of operation, sequential control must be used because of lack of control sites.

A volar plate is a channel-like gutter of thermoplastic strapped to the wrist and is used for holding small objects.

An EMG is an electromyogram - a noise-like electrical signal which is a by-product of muscle contraction

The advantages of myoelectric control are: no cable or harness is required, the prosthesis can be operated in a wide range of positions.

A proprioceptor is a sensory receptor that detects: degree of muscle contraction, tension in tendons, change of position of joints.

A servo-controlled prosthesis is considered useful when reliable EMG sites are not available.

Socket, wrist unit, terminal device, harness, motivating cord

socket, elbow unit, forearm unit, wrist unit, terminal device, motivating cord and pulleys, harness.

good secure and comfortable fit. And has to transfer the load

lightweight, broad, to spread loading, flexible to conform to body shape, not too absorbent. Common: canvas webbing and leather