E-Business

“Cultivation”

• Identify potential groups/communities (interviews)
• Bring together the right people (motivation and competencies)
• Provide (infra-) structure, top-down support, time/budget, technology
• Creation of sub-communities
• Measure outcomes in non-traditional ways
  • Challenges: time delay, causality; benefits occur in teams
  • Example Shell: (interviews, best practice stories: savings 3-5 millions and revenue increases of 13 millions /year

How knolwedge is developing and spreading in organisations

• Community of practice
• Knowledge spiral
• Peer assist- initiate before kickoff of project and see if there were similar project before and invite team of similar project and ask for lesson learned from that team
• After action review. Abstract lesson learned and document it
• Storytelling

• Stories are narratives: episodes that convey emotions
• one of the most effective and influential techniques: passing on values and creating vision.
• Make tacit knowledge (feelings, emotions) more explicit
• Stories have been an essential driver of change throughout human history.
• Areas: politics, culture, art, marketing, leadership and knowledge management, Stories and change (scenarios)

all Anwers are correct answers: Design research;

1. Starts with a practical challenge/problem
2. Closely involves the collaboration of practitioners and researchers
3. Produces results which are relevant for practice
4. Produces results with are relevant for research

The process of design research is:

1. Linear

1. Iterative

Which statement is correct?

1. Scenario-based reseach can serve as a method of design-based research

1. Design-based research can serve as a method for scenario-based research.

Scenarios

1. Are basically a list of functions

1. Have concrete actors and a plot

1. Help to determine the outcomes of an information system

1. Support the co-development / co-design of information systems

Scenarios are tools which

1. Can determine the effectiveness of a planned information system

1. Can help to enhance the effectiveness of a planned information systems
2. Can support change management
3. Can support reasoning about a future situation of use

False, because communities and networks belong to the organizational approach to knowledge management not the technological or enigeering appraoch

Mark the best anser regarding the key purpose of a COP ( community of practice.

1. The key purpose of COPs is distributing knowledge
2. The key purpose of COPs is applying knowledge

1. The key purpose of COPs is developing knowledge

1. The key purpose of COPs is identifying knowledge

COPs -> mark all correct answers

1. Communities of practice are typically managed top down

1. Communities of practice can help in developing new strategies

1. Outcomes of COPs are typically being measured using key performance indicators

COPs - mark all correct answers

1. Top/middle management must not inferfere with COPs as they evolve naturally
2. COP members typically report to the COP manager

1. Measuring benefits of a COP is difficult as they play out in the line

COPs - mark all correct answers

1. Line managers are typically leading COPs
2. COPs don't need to be supported by senior management

1. Management needs to ensure that COP results are disseminated in the organisation

Building blocks: Knowledge goals - mark all correct answers

1. Operational objectives can include KM goals
2. Strategic objectives can include KM goals

1. On a strategic level, KM goals are only included in the mission statement
2. Creating a knowledge manager position can be part of strategic goal

1. Creating a knolwedge manager position can be part of an operational goal

Building blocks: Distribution - mark all correct answers

1. Culture is an important influencing factor for knowledge distribution
2. The main task of knowledge brokering is connecting people and/or knowledge resources

1. The key aspect of COP is knowledge distribution
2. The main route of knowledge distribution is the use of technological tools

Knowledge acquisition measures can include … ( makr all correct answers)

1. Take overs
2. Engaging consultants
3. Recruiting new staff

1. Creating a community of practice (cop)

Mark all correct answers

1. Knowledge development can only be carried out on individual levels

1. One of the key challenges to knowledge preservation is business reorganisation

The use of champions in knowledge management is a main vehicle for

1. Knowledge development

1. Knowledge application

1. Knowledge aquisition

Mark all correct answers.

1. A knowledge manager is typically the line manager of a group of knowledge workers
2. KM responsibilities are typically associated with middle and lower management.

None is correct.

Knwledge management tools refer to any kind of IT-based tools that support the identification, development, distribution, application and preservation of knowledge in support of corporate, strategic and operational knowledge goals.

"while not all KM initiatives involve an implementation of IT, and admonitions against and emphasis on IT at the expense of the social and cultural facets of KM are not uncomon, many KM initiatives rely on IT as an important enabler"

80% organizational processes and human factors (people)

20% -technology

Knowledge

• Identification
  • Informational sources
    • Documents
    • Multimedia….
  • Human resources
    • Who knows what
    • Enable effective an efficient use and/or share of exisitng knowlege by connecting people who need particular knowlede and people who own the knowledge.
  • Applications
    • Search functions
    • Competency profiles, knowledge maps, matrices (self-generated, peer-generated, ai-generated)
• Development
• Distribution
• Application & use

• Learning from all the data in the system and automatical creation of information-map of knowledge, interest and lack of knowledge
• The AI in HR Cosmos finds for every question the matching expert
• Similar questions can be found (so not every question has to be posted)
• Automatical extraction of keywords from question
• AI can unlearn information

• Idenfification
• Development
  • Social interaction
    • Synchronous: videoconferencing, 3D-environments
    • Asynchonours: wiki, google docs,..
  • Human-computer interaction
    • Data mining, big data, machine learning
• Distribution
• Application & use

• Idenfification
• Development
• Distribution
  • Pull
    • Search machines
    • Expert location systems
    • Data repositories, video platforms
    • Bots
  • Push
    • NL, email digital training (e.g. virtual reality)
  • Hybrid (pull and push)
    • Social networks (follow and receive
    • Social media in general
• Application & use

• Idenfification
• Development
• Distribution
• Application & use
  • Specifically
    • Decision and support tools
    • Augemented reality
    • Bots
    • Synchonous support (help desk)
    • AI-solution(Watson)
  • Generally. All distribution channels

1. VR
   • Definition: Three-dimensional environment in which users appear in the form of personalized avatars and interact with each other.
   • Example: Second Life
   • Characteristics: High levels of social presence and media richness (group cohesion and physical proximity)
   • Business usage: social networking, engage with customers, real-time collaboration and interactive training
   • Simulation of things like emergency preparation, medical response, and battlefields.
2. Corporate examples
   • BP: allowing engineers to collaborate in 3D environment in pipeline construction
   • Silicon image: new-employee training in a 3D environment
   • IBM: meetings on a private island in second life

• History: earliest form of social media
• Social media equivalent of personal web pages
• Contributor/s: managed by one person (or one team) interaction via comments
• Corporate use: foster employee engagement, demonstrate expertise tc.
• Internal blogs: foster knowledge exchange among employees
• External blogs: B2B or B2C; marketise products, services, respond to criticism, claify policies, explain values etc.

Decision support systems (DSS), business or organizational decision-making, use of models or analytic techniques with traditional data access and with different levels of automation

Watson is way faster.

Watson and related technology can read and interpret knowledge(natural language (structured and unstructured data)) and give educated solution proposal.

Machine learning is frequently referred to as a black box—data goes in, decisions come out, but the processes between input and output are opaque. Particularly for neural networks, where input data can undergo complex transformations in multiple layers of the algorithm, the model can become vastly complex and behave in unpredictable ways. Some machine learning algorithms are designed to continue learning from new data during use (known as online learning).