Clinical Pharmacology

A woman of 75 is more likely to have the following adverse effects than a woman of 25.

The following inhibit at least one of the hepatic CYP450 isoenzymes:

Indicate the false statement concerning the adverse effect of type A:

The following properties of a drug facilitates its entry into breast milk:

Choose the correct answer:

 

The effectiveness of rational empirical antibiotic therapy does not depend on:

Which of the following is the correct definition of bioavailability?

Which patient is most at risk to experience an adverse drug effect?

Sequential antibiotic therapy include:

In neonates relative to adults:

Phase IV clinical trials are:

The following adverse drug reactions should be reported to the MDRA using the yellow card system:

The criteria defining the need to monitor drug concentration do not include:

You are contemplating starting ACE inhibitor therapy for a patient with essential hypertension. Which one of the following patient-related condition contraindicates use of any ACE inhibitor and so should be ruled out before you prescribe this drug?

Child-Pugh scale does not take into account:

Indicate the false sentence on drug metabolism:

 

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is contraindicated for use in the elderly:

Identify physiological changes that do not occur in the elderly:

At the age of 85 years should reduce the dose of drugs:

Antidepressant drug indicated for use in the elderly is:

Indicate the false statement:

Which of the following drugs are not transported by P-glycoprotein?

The frequency of slow metabolizers of CYP2D6 isoenzyme in the caucasian population is as follows:

Category C by the FDA means:

Therapies A, B, C and D have different cost and effectiveness. Indicate therapy which dominate:

Therapies A, B, C and D have different cost and effectiveness. Indicate dominated therapy:

In cost-utility analysis QALY analysis is a common measure of outcomes. Based on cost utility ratios, i.e. cost/QALY that are given for 3 therapies, choose the most favourable therapy.

In cost- utility analysis QALY is a common measure of outcome. Based on cost utility ratios i.e. cost/QALY that are given for 3 therapies, choose the least favourable therapy

Drugs may differ in extent of plasma protein binding (EPB). The dosage of which drug should be reduced the most in nephrotic syndrome?

Digoxin is bound to plasma proteins in 20%. In a patient with liver failure and associating hypoalbuminemia there is the reduction of protein binding by 10%. How much would the unbound fraction of the drug increase in this case?

Clorpropamide is bound to plasma protein in 80%. In a patient with liver failure and associating hypoalbuminemia there is the reduction of protein binding by 10%. How much would the unbound fraction of the drug increase in this case?

Probenicid is a weak acid, while diazepam is a weak base, in which disease state the absorption of probenecid would increase?

Probenicid is a weak acid and diazepam is a weak base. In which disease state the absorption of diazepam would decrease?

For drugs that undergo so called first pass effect in the liver in patients with liver failure:

The standard dose of sertralin is 50 mg. Creatinine clearance in the patient was assessed to be 20ml/min. What is the required dose of sertraline in this patient, assuming that normal creatinine clearance is 100ml/min.

Rifampicin can induce P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal epithelium cells. What kind of influence would it have on digoxin serum concentration?

Concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice and certain dihydropyridine calcium channel

blockers:

Individuals can be classified as extensive metabolizers, poor metabolizers or ultrarapid metabolizers. Both codeine and nortriptyline are metabolized into an active agent (morphine), conversely, nortriptyline is the active therapeutic agent and is metabolized to an inactive form. Subjects who are poor metabolizers based upon CYP2D6 genotype:

Individuals can be classified as extensive metabolizers, poor metabolizers or ultrarapid metabolizers. Both codeine and nortriptyline are metabolized into an active agent (morphine), conversely, nortriptyline is the active therapeutic agent and is metabolized to an inactive from. Subjects who are ultrarapid metabolizers based upon CYP2D6 genotype:

Are patients with aphasia who received speech-language pathology service shortly after their stroke more or less likely to achieve functional communication abilities than stroke patients who received such treatments later? Indicate intervention (I).