Biophysics

1) During a hyperpolarization of the cellular membrane, the bulk (volume) electrolytic in the cytoplasm:
 

2) At the resting membrane potential of a typical neuronal cell, the values of electrical driving forces for
potassium and sodium ions are approximately:
 

3) Considering a continuous flow of and ideal fluid through a cylindrical vessel, indicate how will change the
velocity of the fluid flow if the vessel’s radius is increased 3 times (Assume that the pressure indicating
the flow does not change):
 

4) If we measure for the sake of experiment, the aterial blood pressure to a subject in the standing position
while the cuff is placed on the calf then the measured values of systolic/diastolic pressures will read:
 

6) When a viscous fluid is transported through a cylindrical vessel of constant diameter and under a constant
pressure, the fluid velocity:
 

7) The diameter of a cylindrical artery transporting a viscous fluid (blood) was reduced due to the growth of
an atherosclerotic plaque to 25% of its physiological value. Indicate a true sentence
 

8) The velocity of propagation of the pulse wave along the arterial vessels is:
 

10) Indicate correct concept of the voltage-calmp technique
 

11) Indicate in which case the action potential is not propagated with a constant amplitude:
 

12) GABA(A) receptors are:
 

13) Indicate how the average kinetic energy (Ek) of a gas particle is related to the gas velocity:
 

14) The entropy is ( p – pressure, N- number of characterizing a given macrostate, V- volume, R- gas
constant, Q- heat, T- temperature):
 

15) For the open system the chemical potential for a given compound can be described as:
 

16) How the osmotic pressure (according the V ant Hoff ) depends on the temperature:
 

17) The change in free enthalpy ∆G) is equal to zero for
 

18) In the case of the ideal gas internal energy comprises:
 

20) In an isolated system which a local (i.e. within the system) transfer of heat (del- taQ) takes place at
temperature T, the change in entropy, is given by (U-internal energy,
 

22) The closed system containing the ideal gas is expanding (increasing its volume) without changing heat
with the environment. The internal energy of this system is:
 

24) If the input resistance of a cell membrane is 10 MOhm (mega Ohms) and its capacitance is 100 pF (Pico
Farads), the time constant of the membrane is:
 

26) Consider a probe consisting of Avogadro number of one type of radioactive element.
According to the radioactive decay law the number of nuclei of considered isotope will
 

27) Radioactive constant (λ) is:
 

28) The infrared light is:
 

29) The sound waves:
 

30) In the interaction described by Van der Walls (A,B - constant > 0, r is distance)
 

31) Indicate in which case the energy of the hydrogen bond is strongest

 

31) If the wavelength is shortened by 50% and the velocity of the wave propagation is unchanged then
 

33) The physical properties of the medium changed and the density (p) increased twice and sound velocity
(c) increased fourfold. Indicate how much the acoustic impedance has changed
 

36) The Fourier theorem concerns
 

38) In which conditions a proton in the presence of external magnetic field (B0) is in the state characterized
by the highest energy (µ is the magnetic moment of the proton)
 

39) Indicate the correct definition of the magnetic field induction (B) unit (abbreviation: N-newton, Aamper, m – metre)
 

40) Indicate which nuclei are endowed with magnetic moments
 

41) Order the tissues with respect to proton densities (from highest to lowest) Abbreviations: CSF –
cerebrospinal fluid, GM – grey matter, WM – white matter
 

42) Magnetization M is
 

42) Relaxation time T1 describes the process (symbols: M is the component… magnetization M parallel to
external magnetic field B0)
 

44) Chemical shift in the NMR spectra is related to
 

45) Indicate the true sentence
 

46) To determine images dependent mostly on proton density, the operator needs to set recordings at
(abbreviations: TR – repetition time, TE – time to echo)
 

6) Choose the correct statement for the neuromuscular junction:
 

47) Indicate the phenomena that do not contribute to electrodiffusion:
 

49) Which objects within the human’s body have the highest (nearly total) ability to reflect the ultrasound
beam: