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_____ refers to the formal system of task and job reporting relationships that
determines how employees use resources to achieve organizational goals.

Organizational socialization

Organizational culture

Organizational structure

Organizational norms

Organizational values

_____ refers to the shared set of beliefs, values, and norms that influence how people
and groups work together to achieve organizational goals.

Organizational structure

Organizational culture

Organizational hierarchy

Organizational effectiveness

Organizational intelligence

_____ is the process by which managers create a specific type of organizational
structure and culture

Forward vertical integration

Tactical planning

Contingency planning

Economies of scale

Organizational design

Which of the following is true of a low-cost strategy?

It fares best in an organization with an informal structure.

It fares best in an organization with more liberal norms.

It fares best in an organization that gives its employees a lot of autonomy.

It is aimed at increasing the value of goods as perceived by customers.

It gives managers greater control over the organizational activities.

Which of the following organizing choices are managers most likely to make to obtain
scarce resources under a rapidly changing external environment?

Establish restrictive norms that guide and govern employees' activities

Centralize authority

Use a mechanistic form of organizing

Establish values that emphasize obedience

Create an entrepreneurial culture

Which of the following organizing choices are managers most likely to make if the
external environment is stable and resources are readily available?

Decentralize authority

Create a more organic organizational structure

Cultivate an entrepreneurial culture in the organization

Establish values and norms that emphasize change and innovation

Use detailed rules, SOPs, and restrictive norms to govern employees’ activities

Which of the following is true of an organization with a stable external environment and
readily available resources?

Less coordination and communication are needed among people and functions to obtain resources

Managers face greater problems in trying to gain access to resources

Managers typically make organizing choices that result in more flexible structures

Authority is likely to be decentralized

Lower-level employees are encouraged to make important operating decisions.

A _____ strategy that is aimed at driving down expenditures in all functions usually
fares best in a more _____ structure with more conservative norms.

differentiation; flexible

differentiation; stable

low-cost; formal

low-cost; informal

low-cost; organic

The more complicated the technology that an organization uses, the:

lesser is the need for a progressive culture.

greater is the need for a flexible structure

more appropriate is a formal structure

easier it is to regulate the technology

fewer are the unexpected events that arise

Which of the following is true about routine technology?

It is characterized by high task variety and low task analyzability.

Problems encountered while using it requires significant nonprogrammed decision making.

Regulating and controlling an organization that uses it is difficult.

It is best suited for a company that uses an organic structure.

Problems encountered while using it do not vary much.

The degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to
solve the problems they encounter is known as _____.

task identity

task specialization

task autonomy

task variety

task analyzability

Task variety refers to:

the degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to solve the problems they encounter

the number of new or unexpected problems that a person or function encounters in performing jobs

the degree to which a worker finds his job captivating or interesting

the number of different goods or services that a particular company markets.

the degree to which a particular task needs highly skilled workforce.

Which of the following is more likely to be true for an organization that has a highly
skilled workforce?

The structure of the organization inclines more toward being mechanistic in nature

Authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy

Employees are guided and governed by strict rules, SOPs, and norms

Employees are closed monitored by their supervisors

The organizational culture is based on values that foster employee autonomy

The greater the level of uncertainty in an organization’s environment

the more complex its strategy and technology

the less qualified and skilled its workforce

the less likely employees are to be given autonomy

the more likely managers are to design a mechanistic structure.

the more likely the organizational culture is rigid and inflexible

The process by which managers decide how to divide tasks into specific jobs is known
as _____.

job design

job procurement

span of control

task analyzability

integrating mechanization

The result of the job design process is a(n):

decrease in efficiency and effectiveness

division of labor among employees

decrease in employee productivity

increase in the number of tasks that each employee has to perform

decrease in job specialization

Which of the following is a result of too much job simplification?

Increased motivation among employees

Reduced job monotony

Reduced efficiency

Increased level of performance

Greater number of tasks for each employee

Increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor
is known as _____.

job simplification

job enlargement

job enrichment

span of control

job autonomy

Kevin noticed that Derek, an automotive technician at his repair shop, was getting
bored of repeatedly performing the lone task of changing oil, so Kevin assigned him the
additional duty of fixing tires. This is an example of _____.

job simplification

job enrichment

job enlargement

span of control

task analyzability

Increasing the degree of responsibility a worker has over a job is called _____.

job enlargement

job simplification

job enrichment

span of control

task analyzability

Which of the following is an example of the means by which the degree of
responsibility workers have over their jobs can be increased?

Encouraging workers to stick to the established method of doing the job

Allowing workers to monitor and measure their own performance

Encouraging workers to hone their current skills rather than develop new skills

Giving workers detailed instructions about how to do their work

Encouraging workers to turn to their superiors when faced with unexpected situations

The idea behind the concept of job enrichment is:

increasing workers’ responsibility increases their involvement in their jobs.

increasing the range of tasks performed by a worker reduces boredom and fatigue

increasing the number of tasks performed by a worker reduces the need for additional human resources.

reducing the number of tasks that each worker performs simplifies their jobs.

reducing workers' responsibility reduces the work-related stress accompanying their jobs.

The extent to which a job requires the worker to use a wide range of knowledge and
abilities is known as _____.

task identity

task significance

autonomy

skill variety

span of control

The extent to which a job requires that a worker perform all the activities that are
required to complete a job is called:

skill variety

task identity

task significance

span of control

autonomy.

Task significance refers to the:

degree to which a worker feels his or her job is meaningful because of its effect on people inside the organization or on people outside the organization

extent to which a job requires that a worker perform all the tasks necessary to complete the job, from the beginning to the end of the production process.

degree to which a job gives an employee the freedom and discretion needed to schedule different tasks and decide how to carry them out.

extent to which a job requires that an employee use a wide range of different skills, abilities, or knowledge.

extent to which actually doing a job provides a worker with clear and direct information about how well he or she has performed the job.

Josh works for a company where he is given the freedom to decide how best to carry
out the tasks assigned to him. From the information given, it can be said that Josh's
job has _____.

low skill variety

high task identity

low task significance

high feedback

high autonomy

The degree to which a job allows a worker to schedule the tasks of the job and to
decide how to carry out these tasks is known as _____.

autonomy

task identity

task significance

skill variety

span of control

The extent to which doing a job gives the worker direct and clear information about
how well the worker is performing the job is known as

task identity.

feedback.

autonomy.

task significance

skill variety

According to Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model, which of the following
employees are more likely to be satisfied and to perform at a high level?

Those who work under close supervision

Those who work in rigid organizational structures

Those who work in organizations where authority is centralized

Those who work in total seclusion

Those who are responsible for their work outcomes

A _____refers to an organizational structure composed of all the departments that an
organization requires to produce its goods or services.

product structure

matrix structure

product team structure

functional structure

customer structure

Which of the following is true of a functional structure in an organization?

It allows managers to adequately respond to a changing competitive environment

As the organization grows, it becomes more effective

It makes monitoring and evaluating the performance of workers difficult

It results in workers performing at a low level

It eliminates the need for cooperation within a function

A _____ refers to an organizational structure that simultaneously groups people and
resources by function and by product

matrix structure

market structure

product structure

functional structure

divisional structure

What is the goal behind the creation of a divisional structure in an organization?

To create smaller, more manageable units within the organization

To merge all the departments that the organization requires to produce its goods or services

To permanently assign employees to cross-functional teams

To group people and resources by function and product simultaneously

To do away with dual reporting relationships and two-boss employees

Andy, the CEO of Alpha Inc., structured his organization according to the goods it
manufactured. Which of the following structures is the organization using?

Geographic structure

Market structure

Product structure

Functional structure

Customer structure

What is the advantage of a product structure?

It allows managers to gain expertise in many industries

It allows functional managers to fine-tune their skills in a particular product area

It allows managers to group people by function and product simultaneously

It distances divisional managers from the customers thus increasing the organizational stability.

It permanently assigns employees to a cross-functional team that is empowered to bring a new product to market

RST consulting has offices in different locations around the country. Each division is
self-contained and caters to the needs of the specific region in which it is located. This
is an example of a _____.

market structure

customer structure

product structure

functional structure

geographic structure

When managers organize divisions based solely on the type of customer they focus
on, they adopt a _____.

product structure

geographic structure

market structure

functional structure

product team structure

Which of the following is true of a matrix structure?

Managers organize divisions based solely on the type of good or service they provide.

Managers organize divisions based solely on the area of the country or world they operate in.

Managers organize divisions based solely on the type of customer they focus on.

Managers group people who perform similar jobs.

Managers group people by function and product simultaneously

In which of the following types of organizational structures are employees referred to
as two-boss employees?

Product structure

Matrix structure

Geographic structure

Functional structure

Divisional structure

Which of the following structures is the most flexible?

Functional structure

Product structure

Market structure

Geographic structure

Matrix structure

POM Chapter 10 - Managing Organizational Structure and Culture

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