Biophysics

1) During a hyperpolarization of the cellular membrane, the bulk (volume) electrolytic in the cytoplasm:

2) At the resting membrane potential of a typical neuronal cell, the values of electrical driving forces for potassium and sodium ions are approximately:

3) Considering a continuous flow of and ideal fluid through a cylindrical vessel, indicate how will change the velocity of the fluid flow if the vessel’s radius is increased 3 times (Assume that the pressure indicating the flow does not change):

4) If we measure for the sake of experiment, the aterial blood pressure to a subject in the standing position while the cuff is placed on the calf then the measured values of systolic/diastolic pressures will read:

5) We consider an artificial lipid bilayer to which some non-selective channels (channels permeable equally to anions and cations) were incorporated. The resting potential of this embrace will take the value: (assume that electrolytes surrounding the membrane are physiological, i.e. on one side cytoplasmic and on the other extracellular)

(no correct answer given in the bible)

6) When a viscous fluid is transported through a cylindrical vessel of constant diameter and under a constant pressure, the fluid velocity:

7) The diameter of a cylindrical artery transporting a viscous fluid (blood) was reduced due to the growth of an atherosclerotic plaque to 25% of its physiological value. Indicate a true sentence

8) The velocity of propagation of the pulse wave along the arterial vessels is

9) What happens to the optical power of a symmetrical lens if one of its curvature radii decreases 3 times (is becoming one third of the original value) and the other re- mains unchanged?

(answer not sure)

10) Indicate correct concept of the voltage-calmp technique

11) Indicate in which case the action potential is not propagated with a constant amplitude:

12) GABA(A) receptors are:

13) Indicate how the average kinetic energy (Ek) of a gas particle is related to the gas velocity:

14) The entropy is ( p – pressure, N- number of characterizing a given macrostate, V- volume, R- gas constant, Q- heat, T- temperature):

15) For the open system the chemical potential for a given compound can be described as:

16) How the osmotic pressure (according the V ant Hoff ) depends on the temperature:

17) The change in free enthalpy ∆G)  is equal to zero for:

18) In the case of the ideal gas internal energy comprises:

19) The considered system can be found in the two states: energy U1 and state S2 characterized by the energy U2:

(answer not sure)

20) In an isolated system which a local (i.e. within the system) transfer of heat (del- taQ) takes place at temperature T, the change in entropy, is given by (U-internal energy,p-pressure, V-volume)

22) The closed system containing the ideal gas is expanding (increasing its volume) without changing heat with the environment. The internal energy of this system is:

23) If the cellular membrane becomes permeable solely to sodium ions then the membrane potential of such cell should become close to (assume the physiological intra- and extracellular concentrations of ions):

(answer not given)

24) If the input resistance of a cell membrane is 10 MOhm (mega Ohms) and its capacitance is 100 pF (Pico Farads), the time constant of the membrane is:

26) Consider a probe consisting of Avogadro number of one type of radioactive element.  According to the radioactive decay law the number of nuclei of considered isotope will

27) Radioactive constant (λ) is:

(answer not sure)

28) The infrared light is:

29) The sound waves:

30) In the interaction described by Van der Walls (A,B - constant > 0, r is distance)

31) Indicate in which case the energy of the hydrogen bond is strongest

31) If the wavelength is shortened by 50% and the velocity of the wave propagation is unchanged then:

33) The physical properties of the medium changed and the density (p) increased twice and sound velocity (c) increased fourfold. Indicate how much the acoustic impedance has changed

34) The sound wave travels within the medium M1 and enters the medium M2 crossing the interface between these two media. The acoustic impedance for M1 and M2 are 3 kg.m-2s and 1 kg.m-2s, respectively. Indicate the value of the reflection coefficient.

35) The ultrasonograph emits a pulse of ultrasound wave into the examined material at time t=0. The echo is detected after 0.2 ms (millisecond). Assuming the sound velocity in the material 500m/s, indicate the distance between the ultrasonography’s head and the object from which the sound was reflected:

36) The Fourier theorem concerns

 38)    In which conditions a proton in the presence of external magnetic field (B0) is in the state characterized by the highest energy (µ is the magnetic moment of the proton)

39)    Indicate the correct definition of the magnetic field induction (B) unit (abbreviation: N-newton, A- amper, m – metre)

40)    Indicate which nuclei are endowed with magnetic moments

41)    Order the tissues with respect to proton densities (from highest to lowest) Abbreviations: CSF – cerebrospinal fluid, GM – grey matter, WM – white matter

42)    Magnetization M is

42)    Relaxation time T1 describes the process (symbols: M is the component… magnetization M parallel to external magnetic field B0)