Set of flashcards Hygiene (Page 4 of 6)

Flashcards	203
Students	17
Language	English
Category	Medical
Level	University
Created / Updated	25.01.2019 / 27.01.2022
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WHOs trategic advisory committee of WHO (SAGE) supported the recommendation of sea- sonal infuenzan vaccination of the following targeted populations’

healtcare workers

the elderly

children 6-58 months of age

all of the above

Which sentence about the folic acid is false?

All women capable of becoming pregnant could have an NTD- affected pregnancy

All women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

Only pregnant women should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily in addition to foods high in folate such as fruits and vegetables

For women who have had a previous affected pregnancy, folic acid supplementation of 4mg/d is recommended (under physician supervision)

Which sentence about folic acid is false?

Institute of Medicine recommends all woman of reproductive age (capable of becoming pregnant) consume 0,4 mg/d of folic acid from supplements or fortified foods, in addition to a diet rich in food folate

For woman who have had previous affected pregnancy (NTD), folic acid supplementation of 4 mg/d is recommended (under physician supervision)

Institute of medicine recommends folic acid supplementation only for woman who have had a previous affected pregnancy (NTD)

None of above

Which of the following factors is not essential for the initiation of caries?

bacteria

plaque

fermentable carbohydrates

yeasts

What types of microbes can spread due to lapses in and hygiene?

staphylococcus aures (including MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Klebsiella (including ESBL-producing Klebsiella)
E coil (including ESBL-producing E Coli)
Pseudomonas spp(indlucing multidrug resistantant PSeudomonas spp)
Candida
Rotavirus
Hepatitis A virus

Microbes that can be spread on the hands of healthcare workers are:

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 8

the ‘MY 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE ‘ approach incorporates all of WHO’s recommen- dations for hand hygiene. The ‘MY FIVE MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE’ approach presents five essential indication (moments) when hand hygiene is required in order to prevent germ transmission. ‘moment 1.Before touching a patient ‘ refers to the following zone:

hand hygiene must take place after hand exposure to any surface in the patient room

hand hygiene must take a place when leaving the patient zone after a care sequence.

hand hygiene must take a place after touching the door handle and before shaking the patients hand

all of the above

health care associated infection (HCAI) is

an infection occurring in a patient during process of care in a hospital or other health care facility which was not present or ..... at the time of admission:

an infection acquired after discharge

also referred to as ‘NOSOCOMIAL ‘ or ‘ hospital’ infection

all of the above

HCAI can cause:

prolongation of stay in a health-care facility

long term disability

lower personal costs on patients and their females

Answer A and B are correct

The methods of ”SOMETHING” exposure to are:

Using less noisy technological processes good organization at work.

Individual protection (eg. ear plugs)

Prophylactic activity of doctors and nurses who are obliged to remove from noisy workplace workers who are oversensitive to noise.

All of above

The electromagnetic field causes;

1. Temporary disturbance of thermoregulation and in the level of electrocytes
2. Headaches and dizziness

3. Disturbances in sleeping and memory

4. Changes in intra-neural connections in the cerebral cortex

5. Bradycardia

6. Drop of blood pressure

1 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 5 6

Microwaves induce

Thermal effects
Bioelectrial metabolic and structural changes in neural tissue
Damage of the eye
Changes in immunological and hemopoetic systems
Chromosomal aberrations
Disturbances in the maturation of gonad cells

1 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 5 6

Ultrasounds are widely used in medicine because of their utility. Ultrasounds:

Act against pain, for example neutral pains, vertebral pains

cause degenerative disease of articulations

increase the tension of muscles

cause inflammatory processes, for example inflammatory processes around the articulations

Lycopene is

it belongs to the B vitamins group

it is among the strongest carotenoid antioxidants

the source of lycopene are peppers, papaya, tomatoes

answers A and B are correct

What are the proportions of primary nutrients in the normal physiological

50% - proteins 25% - sugars, vegetable fats and animal fats 10% to 15%

50-60% carbohydrates (up to 10% simple sugars), 15% - proteins, fat – 30%

50% - carbohydrates, 40% - protein, fat – 10%

50% - protein, 25% - complex carbohydrates, fat – 5%-20%

WHO predicts that in 2020 for the biggest loss in DALY will be responsible

coronary heart disease, depression, traffic accidents, CNS vascular disease, respiratory disease

depression, traffic accidents, coronary heart disease, AIDS

coronary artery disease, hemorrhagic fever, lung cancer, depression, and schizophrenia

AIDS, malaria, traffic accidents, coronary artery disease, hypertension

Healthy Life Years Indicator – specifies

life expectancy

the length and quality of life

quality of life in chronic disease

demographic situations of the healthy populations

A feature of experimental studies is that

describe the natural course of events in the clinical setting

examine the causal relationships

examine the impact of determinants of disease

assess the impact of the changes of the factors determining the disease

toxoids

are the products of bacterial metabolism

exotoxin devoid of bacterial pathogens properties

endotoxins with bacterial pathogenic properties

answers A and B are correct

What are the main factors of health inequalities?

organization of the health care system

socio-demographic factors

historical conditions

insufficient epidemiological surveillance

The main (emitier? What?) of particular matter is (something along those words)

combustion in industry and energy production

road transport

burning outside the industry sector

none of above

Oral hygiene in children needs to choose the proper toothpaste

this is due to the inability to spit out toothpaste by children

age-determined selection of paste with the appropriate content of fluoride

relatively large portion of toothpaste – the size of a pea

all answers are correct

What is the reason for of hand disinfection ineffectiveness?

too small amount of the antiseptic

improper hand hygiene procedure

the use of antiseptics on wet skin

all answers are correct

Of these, the greatest risk of virus infection, estimated at 6-30%, applies to:

HCV

HBV

HIV

the risk of infection is the same for all of these viruses

The most common complications of CO poisoning include

liver or kidney damage

neurological disorders

asthma

gastrointestinal disorders

In smokers, COHb concentrations in the blood

is the same as for non-smokers

is on average 15-25%

can be up to 10-12%

all the answers are incorrect

Frequently missed during hand disinfection points are

the index finger and back of hand

thump, the spaces between the fingers, fingertips

the inner part of the palm, index finger, and the spaces between

the inner part of the palm, finger tips and thumb

How much should take proper hands disinfection

up to 20 s

30-60 s

60-120 s

about 5 min

The typical air pollutants include

nitrogen oxides

sulfur oxide

ozone

all mentioned

PM2.5 and PM10 are

particulate matter floating on the height of 2.5 m or 10 m

little dust holding in an atmosphere of 2.5 or 10 days

particulate matter fraction of less than 10um or 2.5um

none of mentioned is correct

The improvement of the epidemiological situation in the field of infectious diseases include

reduction in the number of cases and deaths

elimination of disease

eradication of the disease

all are correct

In terms of acute mountain sickness (AMS), there are 2 acute conditions: high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Below are the symptoms statement with heights above sea level, please indicate the incorrect statement.

HACE can develop after being more than 24 hours at an altitude of 4000-5000 meters above sea level revealing irrational behavior, lack of coordination, impaired balance to the significant drowsiness and coma

AMS may occur after exceeding 2500 m above sea level, between 4 and 24 hours of stay at a new high, taking the form of a more or less severe symptoms listed in Lake Louise Symptom Score (LLSS) under which a person suspected of AMS receives <3 points

AMS may occur after exceeding 2500 m above sea level, between 4 and 24 hours of stay at a new high, taking the form of a more or less severe symptoms of a diffuse headache, of gastrointestinal problems, weakness, dizziness, trouble sleeping

HAPE can develop after being more than 24 hours at an altitude of 3000 m above sea level, taking the form of shortness of breath even at rest, “gurgling breath,” (something), and bloody something something

Particulate matter can affect the cardiovascular system leading to

increase in mortality from cardiovascular diseases

increase in the number of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases

coronary heart disease

all answers are correct

Particulate matter affects the cardiovascular system by means of three mechanism. Select the correct alignment of the most important mechanisms

systemic inflammatory responses, the effect on the autonomic nervous system, the direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system

the effect on the autonomic nervous system, the direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system, systemic inflammatory reactions

direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system, systemic inflammatory response, the effect on the autonomic nervous system

systemic inflammatory reactions, the direct penetration of particulate matter into the circulatory system, effects on the autonomic nervous system

Raynaud’s phenomenon is characteristic of people exposed to

ionizing radiation

infrasound noise

mechanical vibration

strong sunlight in the summer

Biological COHb half-lifetime averages

approx. 5hours

approx. 20min

approx. 24hours

approx. 1week

The strength of evidence for the presence of a risk factor is highest in the study

cohort

ecological

cross-sectional

case-control

The strength of evidence for the presence of a risk factor is smallest in the study

cohort

ecological

cross-sectional

case-control

Epidemiological indicator which correlates with the development of the state is infant mortality, the higher the ratio, the more developed a country is.

both statements are true and there is a causal relationship

both statements are true and there is no relationship between them

the first sentence is true, the second is false

the first sentence is false, the second sentence is true

Point to the correct order of the health determinants importance by M. Lalonde

medical, genetic factors, environmental conditions, lifestyle

medical care, environmental conditions, genetic factors, lifestyle

lifestyle, environmental conditions, genetic factors, medical care

environmental conditions, health, lifestyle, genetic factors

The proper (foliant?) supply in the diet is achieved by the use of

salads and leafy vegetables

products subjected to a long thermal treatment

folic acid additives in the (flour?)

answers A and C are correct

Hygiene

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