Pharma Lectures test 2

A 13-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes is brought to the hospital complaining of dizziness. Laboratory

findings include severe hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and a blood pH of 7.15.

Which of the following agents should be administered to achieve rapid control of the severe ketoacidosis in this diabetic boy?

A 13-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes is brought to the hospital complaining of dizziness. Laboratory

findings include severe hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and a blood pH of 7.15.

Which of the following is the most likely complication of insulin therapy in this patient?

A 24-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes wishes to try tight control of her diabetes to improve her long-term prognosis. Which of the following regimens is most appropriate?

Which one of the following drugs promotes the release of endogenous insulin?

Which of the following is an important effect of insulin?

A 54-year-old obese patient with type 2 diabetes has a history of alcoholism. In this patient, metformin should either be avoided or used with extreme caution because the combination of metformin and ethanol increases the risk of which of the following?

Which of the following drugs is taken during the first part of a meal for the purpose of delaying the absorption of dietary carbohydrates?

The PPAR-γ(gamma) receptor that is activated by thiazolidinediones increases tissue sensitivity to insulin by which of the following mechanisms?

Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Which of the following patients is most likely to be treated with intravenous glucagon?

Which of the following drugs is routinely added to calcium supplements and milk for the purpose of preventing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults?

Which of the following drugs is most useful for the treatment of hypercalcemia in Paget’s disease?

The active metabolites of vitamin D act through a nuclear receptor to produce which of the following effects?

A 59-year-old female was referred to your clinic for evaluation of osteopenia. She was diagnosed with adult-onset cystic fibrosis (CF). She reported being treated with prednisone 2 times in the past for CF exacerbations. Since menopause at 52 years of age, she had been treated with raloxifene for osteoporosis prevention. She also was on daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Her bone mineral density test revealed a T score of –1.6 at the lumbar spine, –2.2 at the left femoral neck, and –1.6 at the total left hip. Which of the following drugs can be used to reduce the fracture risk by further stimulating bone formation in this patient?

A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman was sent for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to evaluate the bone mineral density of her lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. The test results revealed significantly low bone mineral density in all sites.

Chronic use of which of the following medications is most likely to have contributed to this woman’s osteoporosis?

A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman was sent for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to evaluate the bone mineral density of her lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. The test results revealed significantly low bone mineral density in all sites.

If this patient began oral therapy with alendronate, she would be advised to drink large quantities of water with the tablets and remain in an upright position for at least 30 min and until eating the first meal of the day. These instructions would be given to decrease the risk of which of the following?

A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman was sent for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to evaluate the bone mineral density of her lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. The test results revealed significantly low bone mineral density in all sites.

The patient’s condition was not sufficiently controlled with alendronate, so she began therapy with a nasal spray containing a protein that inhibits bone resorption. The drug contained in the nasal spray was which of the following?

A 67-year-old man with chronic kidney disease was found to have an elevated serum PTH concentration and a low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. He was successfully treated with ergocalciferol. Unfortunately, his kidney disease progressed so that he required dialysis and his serum PTH concentration became markedly elevated.

Which of the following drugs is most likely to lower this patient’s serum PTH concentration?

A 67-year-old man with chronic kidney disease was found to have an elevated serum PTH concentration and a low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. He was successfully treated with ergocalciferol. Unfortunately, his kidney disease progressed so that he required dialysis and his serum PTH concentration became markedly elevated.

Although the drug therapy was effective at lowering serum PTH concentrations, the patient experienced several episodes of hypercalcemia. He was switched to a vitamin D analog that suppresses PTH with less risk of hypercalcemia. Which drug was the patient switched to?

A 67-year-old man with chronic kidney disease was found to have an elevated serum PTH concentration and a low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. He was successfully treated with ergocalciferol. Unfortunately, his kidney disease progressed so that he required dialysis and his serum PTH concentration became markedly elevated.

In the treatment of patients like this with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease, cinacalcet is an alternative to vitamin D-based drugs. Cinacalcet lowers PTH by which of the following mechanisms?