BIO111 - Zusatz
Zusatzmaterial bezüglich BIO111 UZH
Zusatzmaterial bezüglich BIO111 UZH
Kartei Details
| Karten | 15 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | Deutsch |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 26.11.2018 / 18.11.2019 |
| Weblink |
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CTD
C-Terminal Domain wird von der Beta-Untereinheit der RNA Polymerase II phosphoryliert. Diese rekrutiert die Capping Enzymes für das 5'-Ende.
Kozak Sequenz
- 5'-ACCAUGG-3'
- Sie wird von den Ribosomen erscannt durch die Helicase.
Eucaryotic and procaryotic ribosomes
Eucaryotic: 60S (28S + 5.8S + 5S) + 40S (18S) = 80S
Procaryotic: 50S (23S + 5S) + 30S (16S) = 70S
S = Svedberg -> Unit for indication of initial size. Ribosomes its mass is: rRNA + proteins (2/3)
Preinitiation Complex for Translation
Translation: Initiation Complex Procayoten
IF1: Prevents binding to tRNAs to the A site prior to initiation
IF2: Promotes binding of fMet-tRNA(METi) to the preinitiation complex
IF3: Promotes interaction between 30S and mRNA and prevents binding of the 50S subunit to the 30S subunit
Elongation Factors Procaryotes
3. EF: EF-T -> Es regeneriert EF-Tu(GDP) zu EF-TU(GTP)
Wie werden das Stop Codon: UAA (UAG, UGA) in den Prokaryoten erkannt? Wie werden die weiteren Codons erkannt.
Durch Proteine. Alle anderen Codons werden durch die tRNA erkannt, nur die Stop Codons werden durch Proteine erkannt.
DNA Primer
Short segment of DNA which is synthesized by Primase. Used in Replication for the DNA Polymerase, which cannot start new chains by itself. DNA Polymerase adds to the 3'-End new nucleotids.
It is essential that RNA primers at the ends of Okazaki fragments be removed and replaced by DNA
because otherwise which of the following events would result?
a. The RNA would interfere with topoisomerase function.
b. The RNA would be more likely to contain errors because primase lacks a proofreading function.
c. The b-clamp of the DNA pol II dimer would release the DNA and replication would stop.
d. The RNA primers would be likely to hydrogen bond to each other, forming complex structures
that might interfere with the proper formation of the DNA helix.
b. The RNA would be more likely to contain errors.
Polymerases usually add only about 10 nucleotides to a DNA strand before dissociating. However,
during replication, DNA pol III can add tens of thousands of nucleotides at a moving fork. How is
this addition accomplished?
Part of the replisome is the sliding clamp, which encircles the DNA and keeps pol III
attached to the DNA molecule. Thus, pol III is transformed into a processive enzyme capable of
adding tens of thousands of nucleotides.
DNA Replication
Transkription Eukaryoten
DNA POL 1
Fügt die verschiedenen Okazaki Fragmente zusammen und entfernt RNA Primers. Danach bleiben noch sogenannte "Nicks" zwischen den Fragmenten welche durch die Ligase zusammengesetzt werden.
Transkription Prokaryoten -> Initiation
Genetik
Beschäftigt sich mit dem Aufbau und der Funktion von Genen "Erbanlagen", sowie mit deren Vererbung.
