Biologie
Basisprüfung
Basisprüfung
Kartei Details
| Karten | 57 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Biologie |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 13.01.2018 / 08.03.2019 |
| Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20180113_biologie_XuB1
|
| Einbinden |
<iframe src="https://card2brain.ch/box/20180113_biologie_XuB1/embed" width="780" height="150" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
non coding dna
only 1.5% in human genome codes for protein or RNA, the rest is pseudogenes or repetitive dna of unknown functio
key elements in life history
3.5 billion years ago first prokaryotes
1.8 billion first eukaryotes
1.2 billion first multicellular eukaryote
535 million years ago, increase of animal diversity
500 million colonisation of lanf by plants and fung
virus
small nucleic acid genome enclosed in a protein capsid and sometimes in a viral envelop
retrovirus
use reverse transkriptase to copy their rna genome into host dna as a proviru
viroids
prions
naked rna molecules that infect plangts and disrupt growth
slow acting infectious proteins cause brain desease in mammal
obligate aerobes
obligate anaerobes
facultative anaerobes
prokaryotes require o2
are posioned by o2
can survice with or without o2
exotoxins
endotoxins
proteins secreted by organisms, causes deseases
lipopolysaccharide released if bacteria dies and cell wall breaks down, causes desease
endocrine signals
paracrine s
autocrine s
hormones, secreted into extracellular fluid
act on neighboring cells
act on secreting cell itself
neurotransmitter
neurohormones
pheromones
act locally
act trough body
released into the environmen
herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
eat plants
eat other animals
eat bot
stages of food processing
eating, ingestion
digestion, enzymatic breakdown of large molecules
absorption, uptake of nutritients by cell
elimination, passage of undigested material out of body
gastrovascular cavity
alimentary canal
single opening mouth which leads inside the organism
tube which leads trough animal, where different areas absorp the food in stepwise fashion.
nutrition regulation
food in the alimentary canal triggers nerves
avaiability of glucose is regulated by insulin and glucagon which control synthesis of glycogen
leptin and insulin regulate appetit
open
closed circulatory system
organs bathed directly in hemolymphe
blood circulates in a network of pumps and vessels
blood direction
atrium, ventrikel, arteries, capillares
capillares, veins, atrium, ventricel
cardiac cycle
systole, contraction
diastole, relaxation
heartbeat origin
sinoatrial node, right atrium
trigger atrial contraction
goes to atrioventricular node
conducted along bundle branches and purkinje fibers
triggers ventricular contraction
