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Fichier Détails
| Cartes-fiches | 12 |
|---|---|
| Langue | English |
| Catégorie | Technique |
| Niveau | Collège |
| Crée / Actualisé | 01.01.2018 / 02.01.2018 |
| Lien de web |
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9.6. A company declares a 4-for-1 stock split. Explain how the terms change for a call option
with a strike price of $60. 2%
The strike price is reduced to $15, and the option gives the holder the right to purchase 4 times as many shares.
9.7. ‘‘Employee stock options are different from regular exchange-traded stock options
because they can change the company’s capital structure.’’ Explain this statement.
The exercise of employee stock options usually leads to new shares being issued by thecompany and sold to the employee. This changes the amount of equity in the capitalstructure. When a regular exchange-traded option is exercised no new shares are issued andthe company’s capital structure is not affected
10.2. What is a lower bound for the price of a four-month call option on a non-dividendpaying
stock when the stock price is $28, the strike price is $25, and the risk-free interest
rate is 8% per annum
28-25e^-0.08x0.333
11.1. What is meant by a protective put? What position in call options is equivalent to a
protective put 2%
A protective put consists of a long position in a put option combined with a long position
in the underlying shares. It is equivalent to a long position in a call option plus a certain
amount of cash. This follows from put–call parity:
11.2. Explain two ways in which a bear spread can be created. 4%
A bear spread can be created using two call options with the same maturity and different
strike prices. The investor shorts the call option with the lower strike price and buys the call
option with the higher strike price. A bear spread can also be created using two put options
with the same maturity and different strike prices. In this case, the investor shorts the put
option with the lower strike price and buys the put option with the higher strike price
11.3. When is it appropriate for an investor to purchase a butterfly spread? 2%
A butterfly spread involves a position in options with three different strike prices (K1, K2,
and K3). A butterfly spread should be purchased when the investor considers that the
price of the underlying stock is likely to stay close to the central strike price, K2.
8.2. Explain what is meant by subprime mogage an ABS an ABS CDO 6%
A subprime mortgage is a mortgage where the risk of default is higher than normal.
An ABS is a set of tranches created from a portfolio of morgages or other assets An ABS CDO is an ABS created from particular tranches of a number of diferent abs
8.10 What is meant by the term agency cost? How did agency costs play a role in the credit crisis? 4%
Agency cost is a term used to describe the costs in a situation where the interests of two parties are not perfectly aligned. There were potential agency costs between the originators of mortgages and investors. And employees of banks who earned bonuses and the banks themselves.
8.11 How is an ABS CDO created? What was the motivation to create ABS CDOs? 4%
Typically an ABS DO is created from the BBB-rated tranches of an aBS. This is because it is difficult to find investors in a direct way for the BBB-rated tranches of an ABS.
8.13 Explain why the AAA-rated tranche of an ABS CDO is more risky than the AAA-rated tranche of an ABS? 2%
A moderately high default rate will wipe out the tranches underlying the ABS CDO so that the AAA-rated tranche of the ABS CDO is also wiped out. .A moderately high default rate will at worst wipe out only part of the AAA-rated tranche of an ABS.
Case 8 Suppose the yield on a two-year Treasury note was 4%, and the yield on a five-year Treasury note was 6%. If you expected this yield spread to widen, explain the spread trade you would execute.
If the initial spread between the five-year Treasury note and the two-year Treasury note were 2% (i.e., 6% - 4% = 2%), and you expected it to widen, then your strategy should be to buy the spread (expecting it to rise) by selling the five-year Treasury note (hoping its price would fall) and purchasing the two-year Treasury note (hoping its price would rise).
Case 8 a. After a year, suppose the yield on a two-year Treasury note fell to 2%, and the yield on a five-year Treasury note fell to 5%. Would you profit or lose on your trade? Explain.
If the spread between the five-year Treasury note and the two-year Treasury note rose to 3% (i.e., 5% - 2% = 3%), then you would earn net profits on the trade, regardless of whether the yield curve rose or fell. Because of the 1% decline in yield on the five-year Treasury note (i.e., from 6% to 5%), the price of this note would rise, thereby incurring losses on your short position. As a result of the 2% decline in the two-year Treasury note yield (i.e., from 4% to 2%), the price of this note would rise, thereby creating profits on your long position. Net gains would result from the spread position because the gains from the price increase caused by the 2% decline in the two-year Treasury note yield would more than offset the losses from the price increase caused by the 1% decline on the five-year Treasury note yield.
